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Social welfare and inequalities in Morocco: A theoretical and empirical analysis
[Bien-être social et inégalités au Maroc : Une analyse théorique et empirique Social welfare and inequalities in Morocco: A theoretical and empirical analysis]

Author

Listed:
  • Najib Bahmani

    (Faculté des Sciences Juridiques Économiques et Sociales d'Agadir, Université Ibn Zohr [Agadir])

  • Mustapha Jaad

    (Faculté des Sciences Juridiques Économiques et Sociales d'Agadir, Université Ibn Zohr [Agadir])

Abstract

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, when the concept of "Well-being" has found its new place in economics, the welfare economics, has since consisted of evaluating economic situations, and mainly, the terms of distribution. The debate that was before is only about the measurement of value and utility. Happiness, or well-being, was synonymous with anything that provides satisfaction without necessarily being "useful", yet the relativity of measuring utility was simplified by cumulative aggregation. Indeed, collective well-being represents the sum of the levels of well-being (or utility) of the individuals who make up the community considered. The useful is therefore anything that contributes to maximizing social well-being. Utilitarianism, through functions of marginal utility, has made it possible to identify the optimum of collective and social well-being. On the other hand, and according to the principle of maximization of the sum of well-being, the hypothesis of an equitable distribution of shares, in particular of income between the members of a society, requires that the marginal gain in well-being, in the allocation of resources to different individuals, ie the same everywhere. The fundamental and recapitulated matrix of utilitarianism was uttered by Jeremy Bentham: "The greatest happiness of the greatest number is the measure of just and unjust." The utilitarian doctrine was therefore crucial in the development of several theories in economic and social sciences. We cite in particular the theory of justice. The latter stipulates according to its founder John Rawls, that Men are too egocentric and selfish to determine the principles of fair and equitable distribution of wealth: they seek only to derive their own benefit. Through a theoretical base which presents the economy of well-being, and the theory of justice, our article will deal with the problem of economic inequalities and its perspectives on the attainment of social well-being, in its most extreme ideal's conditions. However, the quest to maximize individual and social well-being was also the subject of several critiques of the utilitarian approach. The cross-sectional analyzes, which we will undertake, will thus allow us to focus our gaze on other modern theories, namely general equilibrium theory, social choice theory, capability theory, and also that of social justice.

Suggested Citation

  • Najib Bahmani & Mustapha Jaad, 2021. "Social welfare and inequalities in Morocco: A theoretical and empirical analysis [Bien-être social et inégalités au Maroc : Une analyse théorique et empirique Social welfare and inequalities in Mor," Post-Print hal-03375656, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03375656
    DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5528317
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-03375656
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    Keywords

    Inequalities; social justice; well-being; social welfare; Inégalités; Justice sociale; bien-être; Bien-être social; Faculté des sciences économiques; sociales et juridiques Inequalities; social welfare. JEL Classification: I31; D63; H75; P36; P46;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
    • P36 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
    • P46 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty

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