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La mondialisation Sud-Sud Faux semblant et vrai semblable

Author

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  • Alain Piveteau

    (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115) - Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité, IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement)

Abstract

Des coopérations économiques et des formes d'intégration denses entre pays du Sud opèrent de façon croissante aux échelles régionale et mondiale. Elles poussent à la dissolution du clivage Nord-Sud à l'origine des controverses les plus vives sur le développement économique et des représentations les plus actives de la dépendance. La mondialisation Sud-Sud fascine autant qu'elle inquiète. De fait, elle contribue au remodelage des relations internationales. Elle participe à l'institution d'un nouveau monde, multipolaire, dans lequel de nouvelles puissances émergentes comptent ; dans lequel des nations jusqu'à présent confinées à la périphérie deviennent de nouveaux centres du capitalisme mondial. Au plan productif, la mondialisation Sud-Sud relève d'une sophistication croissante de la Division internationale du travail (DIT) et contribue à forger une nouvelle géographie économique mondiale. Elle brouille les trajectoires gagnantes que les approches en termes de Chaine de valeur mondiale tentent d'identifier et de domestiquer quand l'évidence empirique d'une trappe à revenu intermédiaire fait douter de la puissance historiquement transformatrice de l'industrialisation et des stratégies exportatrices. L'objet général de ce chapitre consiste à caractériser cette configuration mondiale dans laquelle surgit un « Sud qui perd le Nord » (Chaponnière et Lautier) et à en discuter les effets sur le développement des pays les plus pauvres. Privilégiant l'étude de la relation commerciale et de la relation d'investissement intra-sud, il s'appuie sur une revue de la littérature existante. Mise en lumière par les vieilles institutions internationales pour ces vertus disruptives, la mondialisation Sud-Sud se manifeste par les asymétries qu'elle recrée au sein du capitalisme globalisé tout autant que par la contestation qu'elle porte des modèles institutionnels issus de la domination économique occidentale. Pour autant, rien ne semble a priori résolu par cette rotation axiale. On verra ainsi que si l'intégration croissante des pays du Sud donne lieu à une augmentation spectaculaire des relations productives, financières, coopératives et politiques entre les Etats et les firmes multinationales du Sud, elle profite autant qu'elle peut nuire au développement en général.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Piveteau, 2019. "La mondialisation Sud-Sud Faux semblant et vrai semblable," Post-Print hal-02986329, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02986329
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-02986329
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    References listed on IDEAS

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