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Constructing differences in a cross-cultural context : National distance, social differentiation or functional distinction

Author

Listed:
  • Nathalie Belhoste

    (RMS - Reims Management School)

  • Philippe Monin

    (EM - EMLyon Business School)

Abstract

This article develops theory about the perspectives through which expatriate managers and their employees socially construct differences in a cross-cultural context. On the basis of qualitative research on three kinds of organizations – multinational corporations, small and medium-sized enterprises and start-up companies – we identify three perspectives on differences in a cross-cultural context: the national distance perspective, the social differentiation perspective and the functional distinction perspective. Each perspective relates to a specific basis for categorization (nationality, status and function), focus of attention (values, attitudes and expertise) and definition of diversity (separation, disparity and variety). We find that international experience and country experience on one side, and the purpose of business (business development, business creation or business turnaround) on the other side, explain why some expatriate managers and their employees adopt one perspective or another, sometimes as default. The passing of time, as reflected in growing country experience, growing work experience and growing company tenure, can be the motor of transition from one perspective to another. Our findings contribute to cross-cultural and diversity studies, to social constructionism, and have consequences for international human resource management research and practices.

Suggested Citation

  • Nathalie Belhoste & Philippe Monin, 2013. "Constructing differences in a cross-cultural context : National distance, social differentiation or functional distinction," Post-Print hal-02313028, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02313028
    DOI: 10.1177/0018726713484943
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    Cited by:

    1. Silva, Maria Laura & Perrier, Lionel & Paget, John W. & Mosnier, Anne & Buthion, Valérie & Cohen, Jean Marie & Späth, Hans Martin, 2016. "Influenza vaccination policy-making processes in France and The Netherlands: Framework and determinants," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(3), pages 293-305.
    2. Zhou, Yuanyuan & Liu, Peng & Teng, Min & Wang, Zhen, 2023. "Back to roots: TMTs’ country-specific experience, FDI preference, and political center favoritism," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(4).
    3. Zolfaghari, Badri & Madjdi, Farsan, 2022. "Building Trusting Multicultural Organizations: Rethinking the Influence of Culture on Interpersonal Trust Development in the Workplace," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(4).

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