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What do we really know about corporate hedging? A multimethod meta-analytical study

Author

Listed:
  • Stefan Stöckl

    (ICN Business School, CEREFIGE - Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises - UL - Université de Lorraine)

  • J. Geyer-Klingeberg

    (UNIA - Universität Augsburg [Deutschland] = University of Augsburg [Germany] = Université d'Augsburg [Allemagne])

  • M. Hang

    (UNIA - Universität Augsburg [Deutschland] = University of Augsburg [Germany] = Université d'Augsburg [Allemagne])

  • A. Rathgeber

    (UNIA - Universität Augsburg [Deutschland] = University of Augsburg [Germany] = Université d'Augsburg [Allemagne])

  • M. Walter

    (UNIA - Universität Augsburg [Deutschland] = University of Augsburg [Germany] = Université d'Augsburg [Allemagne])

Abstract

This paper employs meta-analysis to aggregate and systematically analyze the mixed empirical evidence on the determinants of corporate hedging reported in 132 previously published studies covering data from more than 73,000 firms. Among the fourteen proxy variables analyzed by multivariate meta-analysis, three variables emerge as reliable explanatory factors for corporate hedging decisions supporting the bankruptcy and financial distress hypothesis: dividend yield (positive sign), liquidity (negative sign), and firm size (positive sign). Moreover, for tax-loss carry forwards (positive sign) and research and development (positive sign), our findings indicate a weak impact on corporate hedging behavior reflecting tax reasons, the coordination between financing and investment, and agency conflicts between shareholders and debtholders. Regarding the asymmetric information and agency conflicts of equity hypothesis, we find no explanatory power. The further analysis of heterogeneity via meta-regression reveals several factors that determine the mixed empirical evidence reported in previous studies. First, the results indicate that studies analyzing firms from North America report, on average, a lower impact of leverage on the corporate hedging decision. Moreover, studies examining more recent data samples tend to find a weaker relation between tangible assets and hedging, R&D and hedging, respectively. Overall, our results encourage scientific research to put more emphasis on finer-grained examinations of hedging variations and to discover rationales of corporate hedging extending classical financial theories.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Stöckl & J. Geyer-Klingeberg & M. Hang & A. Rathgeber & M. Walter, 2018. "What do we really know about corporate hedging? A multimethod meta-analytical study," Post-Print hal-01809957, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01809957
    DOI: 10.1007/s40685-017-0052-0
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    Cited by:

    1. Hang, Markus & Geyer-Klingeberg, Jerome & Rathgeber, Andreas W. & Stöckl, Stefan, 2018. "Measurement matters—A meta-study of the determinants of corporate capital structure," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 211-225.
    2. Markus Hang & Jerome Geyer-Klingeberg & Andreas W. Rathgeber & Clémence Alasseur & Lena Wichmann, 2021. "Interaction effects of corporate hedging activities for a multi-risk exposure: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 789-818, February.
    3. Choi, Young Mok & Park, Kunsu & Kim, Woo Sung, 2020. "Corporate hedging and dividend policy: An empirical study of Korean firms," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    4. Geyer-Klingeberg, Jerome & Hang, Markus & Rathgeber, Andreas, 2020. "Meta-analysis in finance research: Opportunities, challenges, and contemporary applications," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    5. Jerome Geyer-Klingeberg & Markus Hang & Andreas Rathgeber, 2021. "Corporate financial hedging and firm value: a meta-analysis," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(6), pages 461-485, April.
    6. Geyer-Klingeberg, Jerome & Hang, Markus & Rathgeber, Andreas W., 2019. "What drives financial hedging? A meta-regression analysis of corporate hedging determinants," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 203-221.
    7. Wimmer, Thomas & Geyer-Klingeberg, Jerome & Hütter, Marie & Schmid, Florian & Rathgeber, Andreas, 2021. "The impact of speculation on commodity prices: A Meta-Granger analysis," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).
    8. Markus Hang & Jerome Geyer‐Klingeberg & Andreas W. Rathgeber & Stefan Stöckl, 2021. "Rather complements than substitutes: Firm value effects of capital structure and financial hedging decisions," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 4895-4917, October.
    9. Jan Christoph Neumann, 2020. "An Empirical Analysis of the Currency Hedging Behavior of North German SMEs," European Journal of Business Science and Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Business and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 53-65.
    10. Jędrzej Białkowski & Martin T. Bohl & Devmali Perera, 2022. "Commodity Futures Hedge Ratios: A Meta-Analysis," Working Papers in Economics 22/12, University of Canterbury, Department of Economics and Finance.
    11. Richard Friberg & Isak Trygg Kupersmidt, 2023. "Hedging to market‐wide shocks and competitive selection," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 450-466, April.
    12. Stefan Stöckl, 2017. "Measurement matters - A meta-Study of the determinants of corporate capital structure," Post-Print hal-01772346, HAL.

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