La dynamique du marché mondial des produits laitiers

The world dairy economy is entering a decade of relatively high and very volatile prices, with sustained demand for milk and dairy products, but also higher costs of production and new market instability. The main reason for the high price volatility typically lies in the imbalance between global demand for milk, driven by China and Russia, etc, and lacking and volatile supply. This dairy demand was previously proportional to the growth in world population, while in recent years, per capita consumption of several countries has increased significantly. From the supply side, global food markets are shrinking due to drought in countries traditionally over-suppliers, such as Australia, net exporters on the world market, and falling stocks in the European Union countries in connection with common agricultural policy options that aim to reduce export subsidies. The objective of this study is first to remind many milestones that have marked, over the past three decades, the dairy industry worldwide, following the movement of liberalization of this market. We then go back upstream of this sector to present the current situation of the global dairy herd and its geographic localisation, and the global dairy production and its availability in the continents. A particular focus will be on examining the current configuration of the world market, characterized by sustained demand and a supply that is expected to weaken slightly in the next decade, following the changes of policies in the exporting countries. The evolution of world prices of the main milk products, in an oligopolistic market, although lighten the tension that characterizes this market. The income of Algeria from oil is decreasing while the world price of milk and milk products is increasing.