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Enjeux et dilemmes de l'économie cognitive

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  • Bernard Paulré

    (MATISSE - UMR 8595 - Modélisation Appliquée, Trajectoires Institutionnelles et Stratégies Socio-Économiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Le thème de l'information et de la connaissance est relativement récent en économie. Nous retraçons historiquement son émergence et nous présentons les théorisations proposées initialement. Non pas par souci de rappeler les éléments d'une histoire d'ailleurs pas encore écrite, mais simplement pour rappeler les questionnements qui sont à l'origine des problématiques existantes. Nous abordons deux problèmes. D'une part celui de savoir en quoi pourrait consister un programme de recherche en « économie cognitive ». D'autre part nous posons la question de savoir sur la base de quel modèle épistémique les économistes peuvent aborder le thème de l'information et de la connaissance. Nous opposons, ce qui est banal dans le domaine de sciences cognitives, et qui l'est beaucoup moins en économie, le paradigme computationniste et le paradigme connexioniste. Grosso modo, le paradigme computationniste s'articule bien avec le courant orthodoxe ainsi qu'avec sa forme amoindrie qui est le paradigme néo-rationaliste Simonien. Simon est d'ailleurs l'un des pères fondateurs du computationnisme. Nous critiquons plus particulièrement les axiomes de la logique épistémique telle qu'elle se manifeste aujourd'hui en théorie des jeux et sur la base de laquelle B. Walliser entend fonder un programme derecherche en économie cognitive. Par contre, on peut s'interroger sur la façon dont pourrait se manifester le paradigme connexioniste en économie. Nous montrons dans ce papier que la théorie évolutionniste de la firmes selon Nelson et Winter constitue en fait, sans que les auteurs semblent en avoir conscience, une bonne illustration de l'approche connexioniste en économie.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Paulré, 2001. "Enjeux et dilemmes de l'économie cognitive," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00135486, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-00135486
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00135486
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    References listed on IDEAS

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