Job quality and gender: the cross-effects of employment status and working hours[Qualité des emplois et genre : les effets croisés des statuts et des horaires de travail]

This paper deals with job quality in terms of job statuses, working time, working hours arrangements (flexible hours, week-end, evening work, night work). We realise a cluster analysis of workers with these 3 dimensions of job quality from the French labour survey Enquête Emploi and we compare this analysis between 1993 and 2002. In the first time, results show a segmentation of the labour market in various categories, into different clusters far from a simplistic vision «good jobs» versus «bad jobs». Differences between men and women are very important in our findings. In the second time, a comparison between 1993 and 2002 focuses on two issues. On the one hand, the relations between job statuses, working time, and working hours arrangements persist. on the other hand, we highlight the growth of work flexibility and the deterioration of job quality. Women are particularly affected by the deterioration and mainly about types of hours.