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Development of the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI)

Author

Listed:
  • Malapit, Hazel J.
  • Quisumbing, Agnes R.
  • Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela
  • Seymour, Gregory
  • Martinez, Elena M.
  • Heckert, Jessica
  • Rubin, Deborah
  • Vaz, Ana
  • Yount, Kathryn M.

Abstract

In this paper, the authors describe the adaptation and validation of a project-level WEAI (or pro-WEAI) that agricultural development projects can use to identify key areas of women’s (and men’s) disempowerment, design appropriate strategies to address identified deficiencies, and monitor project outcomes related to women’s empowerment. The 12 pro-WEAI indicators are mapped to three domains: intrinsic agency (power within), instrumental agency (power to), and collective agency (power with). A gender parity index compares the empowerment scores of men and women in the same household. The authors describe the development of pro-WEAI, including: (1) pro-WEAI’s distinctiveness from other versions of the WEAI; (2) the process of piloting pro-WEAI in 13 agricultural development projects during the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, phase 2 (GAAP2); (3) analysis of quantitative data from the GAAP2 projects, including intrahousehold patterns of empowerment; and (4) a summary of the findings from the qualitative work exploring concepts of women’s empowerment in the project sites. The paper concludes with a discussion of lessons learned from pro-WEAI and possibilities for further development of empowerment metrics.

Suggested Citation

  • Malapit, Hazel J. & Quisumbing, Agnes R. & Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela & Seymour, Gregory & Martinez, Elena M. & Heckert, Jessica & Rubin, Deborah & Vaz, Ana & Yount, Kathryn M., 2019. "Development of the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI)," IFPRI discussion papers 1796, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    • Handle: RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1796
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Quisumbing, Agnes & Ahmed, Akhter & Hoddinott, John & Pereira, Audrey & Roy, Shalini, 2021. "Designing for empowerment impact in agricultural development projects: Experimental evidence from the Agriculture, Nutrition, and Gender Linkages (ANGeL) project in Bangladesh," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    2. Kramer, Berber & Mollerstrom, Johanna & Seymour, Greg, 2022. "Valuing control over income and workload: A field experiment in Rwanda," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322298, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    3. Boshe, Fredrick & Venus, Terese & Vrachioli, Maria & Khatri-Chhetri, Arun & Sauer, Johannes, 2021. "Measuring Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Under Climate Variability: A Micro Study from Nepal," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315039, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Yount, Kathryn M. & Cheong, Yuk Fai & Maxwell, Lauren & Heckert, Jessica & Martinez, Elena M. & Seymour, Gregory, 2019. "Measurement properties of the project-level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Ruth Haug & Dismas L. Mwaseba & Donald Njarui & Mokhele Moeletsi & Mufunanji Magalasi & Mupenzi Mutimura & Feyisa Hundessa & Julie T. Aamodt, 2021. "Feminization of African Agriculture and the Meaning of Decision-Making for Empowerment and Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    6. Catherine Ragasa & Isabel Lambrecht & Kristi Mahrt & Zin Wai Aung & Michael Wang, 2021. "Immediate impacts of COVID‐19 on female and male farmers in central Myanmar: Phone‐based household survey evidence," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 52(3), pages 505-523, May.
    7. Jayachandran, Seema & Biradavolu, Monica & Cooper, Jan, 2023. "Using machine learning and qualitative interviews to design a five-question survey module for women’s agency," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    8. Saha, Shree & Narayanan, Sudha, 2022. "A simplified measure of nutritional empowerment: Using machine learning to abbreviate the Women’s Empowerment in Nutrition Index (WENI)," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    9. Li, Shengwen & Goerzen, Anthony, 2024. "Improving global value chain governance: Empowering women through third-party interventions within institutionally fragile contexts," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 59(3).
    10. Ding, Yawen & Wang, Xiaobing & de Brauw, Alan & Qiu, Huanguang, 2024. "Catch up with my husband as I can: Women’s decision-making power consequences of China’s poverty alleviation relocation program," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    11. Laszlo, Sonia & Grantham, Kate & Oskay, Ecem & Zhang, Tingting, 2020. "Grappling with the challenges of measuring women's economic empowerment in intrahousehold settings," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    12. Buisson, Marie-Charlotte & Clement, Floriane & Leder, Stephanie, 2021. "Women's Empowerment and the Will to Change," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315352, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    13. Waid, Jillian L. & Wendt, Amanda S. & Sinharoy, Sheela S. & Kader, Abdul & Gabrysch, Sabine, 2022. "Impact of a homestead food production program on women's empowerment: Pro-WEAI results from the FAARM trial in Bangladesh," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    agricultural development; empowerment; gender; women; gender equality; agency; multidimensional measurement; Women's empowerment;
    All these keywords.

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