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U.S. Monetary Policy Spillovers to Emerging Markets: Both Shocks and Vulnerabilities Matter

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Abstract

We use a macroeconomic model to explore how policy drivers and country vulnerabilities matter for the transmission of U.S. monetary policy shifts to emerging markets. Our model features imperfections in domestic and international financial markets and imperfectly anchored inflation expectations. We show that higher U.S. interest rates arising from stronger U.S. demand generate modestly positive spillovers to activity in emerging markets with stronger fundamentals, but can be adverse for vulnerable countries. In contrast, U.S. monetary tightenings driven by a more-hawkish policy stance cause a substantial slowdown in all emerging markets. Our model captures the challenging policy tradeoffs that emerging market central banks face, and we show that these tradeoffs are more favorable when inflation expectations are well anchored. We use our model to estimate the effects on emerging markets of the 2022-23 U.S. monetary tightening, and compare the model-predicted effects against actual real and financial outcomes in those countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Shaghil Ahmed & Ozge Akinci & Albert Queraltó, 2021. "U.S. Monetary Policy Spillovers to Emerging Markets: Both Shocks and Vulnerabilities Matter," Staff Reports 972, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:92825
    Note: Revised September 2024.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lastauskas, Povilas & Nguyen, Anh Dinh Minh, 2023. "Global impacts of US monetary policy uncertainty shocks," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    2. Pierre-Richard Agénor & Luiz A. Pereira da Silva, 2022. "Financial spillovers, spillbacks, and the scope for international macroprudential policy coordination," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 79-127, February.
    3. Yildirim, Zekeriya, 2022. "Global financial risk, the risk-taking channel, and monetary policy in emerging markets," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    4. Lastauskas, Povilas & Nguyen, Anh Dinh Minh, 2024. "Spillover effects of US monetary policy on emerging markets amidst uncertainty," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    5. Afees Adebare Salisu, 2024. "India And The Rest Of The World: Analyses Of International Monetary Policy Spillovers," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 27(3), pages 573-600, July.
    6. Karau, Sören, 2023. "Monetary policy and Bitcoin," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    spillovers; monetary policy; emerging markets;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics

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