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Are banks really special? New evidence from the FDIC-induced failure of healthy banks

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  • Adam B. Ashcraft

Abstract

The FDIC used cross-guarantees to close thirty-eight subsidiaries of First Republic Bank Corporation in 1988 and eighteen subsidiaries of First City Bancorporation in 1992 when lead banks from each of these Texas-based bank holding companies were declared insolvent. I use this exogenous failure of otherwise healthy subsidiary banks as a natural experiment for studying the impact of bank failure on local-area real economic activity. I find that the closings of the subsidiaries were associated with a significant decline in bank lending that led to a permanent reduction in real county income of about 3 percent.

Suggested Citation

  • Adam B. Ashcraft, 2003. "Are banks really special? New evidence from the FDIC-induced failure of healthy banks," Staff Reports 176, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:176
    Note: For a published version of this report, see Adam B. Ashcraft, "Are Banks Really Special? New Evidence from the FDIC-Induced Failure of Healthy Banks," American Economic Review 95, no. 5 (December 2005): 1712-30.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    bank failures; cross-guarantee; uniqueness of banks;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G33 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Bankruptcy; Liquidation

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