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The Anatomy of Labor Demand Pre‑ and Post‑COVID

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Abstract

Has labor demand changed since the COVID-19 pandemic? In this post, we leverage detailed data on the universe of U.S. online job listings to study the dynamics of labor demand pre- and post-COVID. We find that there has been a significant shift in listings out of the central cities and into the “fringe” portion of large metro areas, smaller metro areas, and rural areas. We also find a substantial decline in job listings in computer and mathematical and business and financial operations occupations, and a corresponding increase in job openings in sales, office and administrative support, food preparation, and especially healthcare occupations. These patterns (by geography and by occupation) are interconnected: the biggest declines in job listings by occupation occurred in the largest and densest geographies, and the strongest increases in job listings by occupation occurred in the smaller and less populated geographies.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Audoly & Miles Guerin & Giorgio Topa & Roshie Xing, 2024. "The Anatomy of Labor Demand Pre‑ and Post‑COVID," Liberty Street Economics 20240807, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednls:98634
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    labor demand; COVID; job postings;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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