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A general method of deriving the efficiencies of banks from a profit function

Author

Listed:
  • Jalal D. Akhavein
  • P. A. V. B. Swamy
  • Stephen B. Taubman

Abstract

Questions of whether the evolution of the financial services industry results in more efficient intermediaries, better prices and service quality for consumers, and greater bank safety and soundness cannot be answered without addressing the cost and revenue efficiencies of the industry. Most studies of the efficiency of financial institutions have used an econometric approach to measure efficiency. This paper tries to address potential econometric problems of previous efficiency studies and suggests a new technique for measuring efficiency. This method is applied to data on U.S. commercial banks from 1984 through 1989. Previous studies used one of four different approaches for estimating X-efficiencies - the econometric frontier approach, the thick frontier approach, data envelopment analysis, and the distribution free approaches. In all four cases, the econometric problem of estimating X-efficiencies is defined simply as one of distinguishing between two components of a random error term added to a cost or profit function. The authors suggest that it is possible that the actual econometric problem of estimating X-inefficiencies is not as simple as the problem of distinguishing between two random components because of the following three reasons: ( i ) the true functional forms of the cost or profit functions of the firms are usually unknown; ( ii ) explanatory variables excluded from the cost or profit function are likely to be correlated with the explanatory variables included in the function; and (iii) inconsistencies may arise if arbitrary error terms are added to a cost or profit function and their corresponding share equations. The authors use a fixed-coefficients model that allows them to address the econometric problems mentioned above. This methodology also allows for the estimation of a separate frontier for each firm as opposed to previous studies that estimate one frontier which is common to all firms. The results of the paper show that the residual whic
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Suggested Citation

  • Jalal D. Akhavein & P. A. V. B. Swamy & Stephen B. Taubman, 1994. "A general method of deriving the efficiencies of banks from a profit function," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 94-11, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedgfe:94-11
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Dias, Weeratilake, 1998. "Productivity And Efficiency Of Agricultural And Non Agricultural Banks In The United States: Dea Approach," 1998 Annual meeting, August 2-5, Salt Lake City, UT 20845, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    2. Robert DeYoung & Kenneth Spong & Richard J. Sullivan, 1999. "Who's minding the store? motivating and monitoring hired managers at small, closely held firms: the case of commercial banks," Working Paper Series WP-99-17, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    3. José Luis Carreño G. & Gino Loyola F. & Yolanda Portilla S., 2010. "Banking Efficiency in Chile: a Profit Frontier Approach," Journal Economía Chilena (The Chilean Economy), Central Bank of Chile, vol. 13(3), pages 33-65, December.
    4. Chung-Hua Shen, 2005. "Cost efficiency and banking performances in a partial universal banking system: application of the panel smooth threshold model," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(9), pages 993-1009.
    5. Park, Byeong U. & Sickles, Robin C. & Simar, Leopold, 2003. "Semiparametric-efficient estimation of AR(1) panel data models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 117(2), pages 279-309, December.
    6. Jalal D. Akhavein & Allen N. Berger & David B. Humphrey, "undated". "The Effects of Megamergers on Efficiency and Prices: Evidence from a Bank Profit Function," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 1997-09, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), revised 10 Dec 2019.
    7. Berger, Allen N. & Mester, Loretta J., 1997. "Inside the black box: What explains differences in the efficiencies of financial institutions?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(7), pages 895-947, July.
    8. Mester, Loretta J., 1997. "Measuring efficiency at U.S. banks: Accounting for heterogeneity is important," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 230-242, April.
    9. Toivanen, Otto, 1997. "Economies of scale and scope in the Finnish non-life insurance industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 759-779, June.
    10. Vivas, Ana Lozano, 1997. "Profit efficiency for Spanish savings banks," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 381-394, April.
    11. Tai-Hsin Huang, 2000. "Estimating X-Efficiency in Taiwanese Banking Using a Translog Shadow Profit Function," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 225-245, November.
    12. Margono, Heru & Sharma, Subhash C. & Melvin II, Paul D., 2010. "Cost efficiency, economies of scale, technological progress and productivity in Indonesian banks," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 53-65, February.
    13. Donald J. Mullineaux & Mark K. Pyles, 2010. "Bank marketing investments and bank performance," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 2(4), pages 326-345, November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bank profits; Bank management;

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