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Abstract
That shifts in the fundamental factors determining real exchange rates in the long term have strongly affected exchange rate movements is an increasingly popular idea. In particular, Amano and van Norden (1993) suggest that movements in Canada's terms of trade were particularly important in explaining the evolution of the Canada-U.S. real exchange rate over the post–Bretton-Woods era. Building on that idea, this paper identifies additional economic factors as having significantly influenced that evolution over the past 25 years. It uses cointegration techniques to show the importance of net foreign asset holdings by Canadians in real exchange rate determination. It also breaks down the terms-of-trade effect identified by previous authors into two key components: real non-energy commodity prices and real computer prices. Finally, it develops a medium-term forecasting equation for the Canada-U.S real exchange rate. An out-of-sample forecasting simulation exercise shows that the new specification outperforms the existing alternatives. Que les changements des facteurs fondamentaux déterminant le taux de change réel de long terme aient fortement affecté les mouvements du taux de change est une idée de plus en plus populaire. En particulier, Amano et Van Norden (1993) suggèrent que les mouvements des termes de l’échange du Canada ont été particulièrement importants pour expliquer l’évolution du taux de change réel Canada-É.U. au cours de la période post-Bretton-Woods. Suivant cette idée, ce texte identifie des facteurs économiques additionnels qui ont influencé de façon significative cette évolution au cours des 25 dernières années. Les techniques de cointégration sont utilisées pour démontrer l’importance des avoirs nets financiers détenus par les Canadiens comme déterminant du taux de change réel. L’effet des termes de l’échange identifié précédemment par certains auteurs est divisé en deux composantes clés : le prix relatif des matières premières hors-énergie et le prix relatif des ordinateurs. Finalement, une équation de prévision de moyen terme pour le taux de change Canada-É.U. est développée. Un exercice de simulations hors-échantillon démontre que la nouvelle spécification fonctionne mieux que les alternatives existantes.
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