IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/eti/dpaper/15078.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Does Ownership Really Matter? The role of foreign investors in corporate governance in Japan

Author

Listed:
  • MIYAJIMA Hideaki
  • HODA Takaaki
  • OGAWA Ryo

Abstract

After the banking crisis of 1997, corporate ownership in Japan shifted from an insider-dominated to an outsider-dominated structure. This paper analyzes the impact of dramatic changes in the ownership structure on corporate governance and firm value, focusing on the role of foreign institutional investors. There are two competing views on the role of increased foreign ownership. The positive view is that foreign investors have high monitoring capability, and encourage improvements in the governance arrangement of firms, resulting in higher performance. Conversely, the negative view is that they have strong bias in their investment strategies, and are less committed to a particular firm. Even though a correlation between foreign ownership and high performance has been observed, it may be a superficial one. Higher stock returns can be induced by the demand for a stock, while performance can simply reflect a foreign investor's preference for a high quality firm. To determine which view is more compelling, we constructed a unique long-term data set, and examined the determinants of foreign ownership and its impact on stock returns as well as performance. We found that the investment behavior of foreign investors is characterized by a particular bias, and takes into account governance arrangements. Second, their investment substantially affects the stock return of firms. Third, even after controlling for reverse causality, however, their growing presence positively affects firm performance, suggesting that foreign institutional investors play a disciplinary role once their shareholding increases.

Suggested Citation

  • MIYAJIMA Hideaki & HODA Takaaki & OGAWA Ryo, 2015. "Does Ownership Really Matter? The role of foreign investors in corporate governance in Japan," Discussion papers 15078, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  • Handle: RePEc:eti:dpaper:15078
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/15e078.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paul A. Gompers & Andrew Metrick, 2001. "Institutional Investors and Equity Prices," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 116(1), pages 229-259.
    2. Goyer, Michel, 2011. "Contingent Capital: Short-term Investors and the Evolution of Corporate Governance in France and Germany," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199578085.
    3. Marco Becht & Julian Franks & Jeremy Grant & Hannes F. Wagner, 2017. "Returns to Hedge Fund Activism: An International Study," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(9), pages 2933-2971.
    4. Brennan, Michael J & Cao, H Henry, 1997. "International Portfolio Investment Flows," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(5), pages 1851-1880, December.
    5. Aoki, Masahiko, 2010. "Corporations in Evolving Diversity: Cognition, Governance, and Institutions," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199218530.
    6. Mariassunta Giannetti & Andrei Simonov, 2006. "Which Investors Fear Expropriation? Evidence from Investors' Portfolio Choices," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 61(3), pages 1507-1547, June.
    7. repec:bla:jfinan:v:53:y:1998:i:2:p:635-672 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Takato Hiraki & Akitoshi Ito & Fumiaki Kuroki, 2003. "Investor Familiarity and Home Bias: Japanese Evidence," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 10(4), pages 281-300, December.
    9. Christian Leuz & Karl V. Lins & Francis E. Warnock, 2010. "Do Foreigners Invest Less in Poorly Governed Firms?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(3), pages 3245-3285, March.
    10. Merton, Robert C, 1987. "A Simple Model of Capital Market Equilibrium with Incomplete Information," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(3), pages 483-510, July.
    11. Fama, Eugene F & MacBeth, James D, 1973. "Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 607-636, May-June.
    12. Lichtenberg, Frank R. & Pushner, George M., 1994. "Ownership structure and corporate performance in Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 6(3), pages 239-261, October.
    13. Morck, Randall & Nakamura, Masao & Shivdasani, Anil, 2000. "Banks, Ownership Structure, and Firm Value in Japan," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 73(4), pages 539-567, October.
    14. Julian Franks & Colin Mayer & Hideaki Miyajima, 2014. "The Ownership of Japanese Corporations in the 20th Century," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 27(9), pages 2580-2625.
    15. Nguyen, Pascal, 2012. "The impact of foreign investors on the risk-taking of Japanese firms," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 233-248.
    16. Del Guercio, Diane, 1996. "The distorting effect of the prudent-man laws on institutional equity investments," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 31-62, January.
    17. Huberman, Gur, 2001. "Familiarity Breeds Investment," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(3), pages 659-680.
    18. Kang, Jun-Koo & Stulz, Rene M., 1997. "Why is there a home bias? An analysis of foreign portfolio equity ownership in Japan," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 3-28, October.
    19. Flath, David, 1993. "Shareholding in the Keiretsu, Japan's Financial Groups," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 75(2), pages 249-257, May.
    20. Falkenstein, Eric G, 1996. "Preferences for Stock Characteristics as Revealed by Mutual Fund Portfolio Holdings," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 51(1), pages 111-135, March.
    21. Ferreira, Miguel A. & Matos, Pedro, 2008. "The colors of investors' money: The role of institutional investors around the world," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(3), pages 499-533, June.
    22. Aggarwal, Reena & Klapper, Leora & Wysocki, Peter D., 2005. "Portfolio preferences of foreign institutional investors," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(12), pages 2919-2946, December.
    23. Stulz, Rene M, 1981. "On the Effects of Barriers to International Investment," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 36(4), pages 923-934, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kojima Koji & Bishnu Kumar Adhikary & Le Tram, 2020. "Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: A Comparative Analysis between Listed Family and Non-Family Firms in Japan," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, September.
    2. Ye, Zhiqiang & Zhang, Fangfang & Zhang, Shunming, 2021. "Export effect and influence mechanism of foreign ownership," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 258-276.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hideaki Miyajima & Takaaki Hoda & Ryo Ogawa, 2016. "Does Ownership Really Matter? : The Role of Foreign Investors in Corporate Governance in Japan," Working Papers halshs-01643915, HAL.
    2. MIYAJIMA Hideaki & OGAWA Ryo, 2016. "Convergence or Emerging Diversity? Understanding the impact of foreign investors on corporate governance in Japan," Discussion papers 16053, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    3. Abdioglu, Nida & Khurshed, Arif & Stathopoulos, Konstantinos, 2013. "Foreign institutional investment: Is governance quality at home important?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 916-940.
    4. Abdioglu, Nida & Bamiatzi, Vassiliki & Cavusgil, S.Tamer & Khurshed, Arif & Stathopoulos, Konstantinos, 2015. "Information asymmetry, disclosure and foreign institutional investment: An empirical investigation of the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 902-915.
    5. Hideaki Miyajima & Takaaki Hoda, 2015. "Ownership Structure and Corporate Governance: Has an Increase in Institutional Investors f Ownership Improved Business Performance?," Public Policy Review, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan, vol. 11(3), pages 361-394, July.
    6. Hali J. Edison & Francis E. Warnock, 2004. "U.S. Investors' Emerging Market Equity Portfolios: A Security-Level Analysis," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 86(3), pages 691-704, August.
    7. Guha Deb, Soumya, 2018. "Institutional Investors and firm characteristics: New evidence from India," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 30-42.
    8. Praveen Das, 2014. "The role of corporate governance in foreign investments," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 187-201, February.
    9. Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2010. "Foreign ownership in Vietnam stock markets - an empirical analysis," MPRA Paper 29863, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Jan 2011.
    10. Fang Cai & Francis E. Warnock, 2004. "International diversification at home and abroad," International Finance Discussion Papers 793, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    11. Giofré, Maela, 2013. "International diversification: Households versus institutional investors," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 145-176.
    12. Chan, Kalok & Covrig, Vicentiu, 2012. "What determines mutual fund trading in foreign stocks?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 793-817.
    13. Piccioni, Joao Luiz & Sheng, Hsia Hua & Lora, Mayra Ivanoff, 2012. "Mutual fund managers stock preferences in Latin America," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 38-47.
    14. Neupane, Suman & Neupane, Biwesh & Paudyal, Krishna & Thapa, Chandra, 2016. "Domestic and foreign institutional investors' investment in IPOs," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 197-210.
    15. Kang, Sanggyu & Chung, Chune Young & Kim, Dong-Soon, 2019. "The effect of institutional blockholders' short-termism on firm innovation: Evidence from the Korean market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    16. Anil Mishra, 2014. "Foreign Ownership and Firm Value: Evidence from Australian Firms," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 21(1), pages 67-96, March.
    17. Neupane, Biwesh & Thapa, Chandra & Marshall, Andrew & Neupane, Suman, 2021. "Mimicking insider trades," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    18. Ferreira, Miguel A. & Matos, Pedro, 2008. "The colors of investors' money: The role of institutional investors around the world," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(3), pages 499-533, June.
    19. Hiraki, Takato & Ito, Akitoshi, 2009. "Investor biases in Japan: Another pathology of Keiretsu," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 100-124, January.
    20. Kai Li & Hernán Ortiz‐Molina & Xinlei Zhao, 2008. "Do Voting Rights Affect Institutional Investment Decisions? Evidence from Dual‐Class Firms," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 37(4), pages 713-745, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eti:dpaper:15078. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: TANIMOTO, Toko (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/rietijp.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.