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L’économisation de l’échec (Economizing Failure)

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  • Miller, Peter

Abstract

Il est tout d’abord important de souligner l’évolution considérable, depuis le début des années quatre-vingt, des connaissances disponibles sur l’influence réciproque entre les chiffres, les politiques et le politique. Des recherches ont notamment porté sur la neutralité ou l’objectivité supposée des chiffres ; le cheminement par lequel les sociétés semblent devenir progressivement dépendantes des processus de quantification ; la manière dont les chiffres et les indicateurs de performance se propagent à l’extérieur et à l’intérieur des sociétés ; les processus de standardisation ; les processus de financiarisation ; la constitution des marchés ; le rôle des sciences économiques dans cette évolution ; les motifs visant à réguler ou à administrer la vie des individus ; la manière dont ceci a été rendu possible en combinant représentations et instruments. La synthèse de ces recherches permet donc d’appréhender le mécanisme assez subtil de co-construction entre les idées ou les mentalités politiques et un ensemble de mesures et d’instruments. Ces développements se sont produits de diverses manières, depuis la centralisation colbertiste jusqu’aux idéaux et principes plus contemporains de transparence et de libre choix sur les marchés. L’évocation de Colbert permet toutefois de rappeler qu’il serait excessif de supposer que les chiffres et les marchés vont nécessairement de pair. Si l’on considère les développements sur la période récente, il semble effectivement y avoir une adéquation particulière entre les chiffres et les marchés. Toutefois, nous nous contenterons de chercher à déterminer la nature exacte de la relation entre un régime d’économie de marché et les processus de quantification. Toute une sémantique s’est développée dans la vie des organisations et des sociétés, qui fait peser le sentiment d‘une certaine tyrannie de la mesure. Afin de mieux comprendre ce phénomène, nous devons comprendre et défaire les liens transversaux associant les chiffres et les différentes logiques d’intervention ou, en simplifiant, le rôle des chiffres dans la transformation des États et de l’action publique que nous avons observée récemment. Si, au cours des dernières décennies, des progrès ont été faits en ce sens, il apparaît que notre connaissance est bien moindre concernant le point limite de ces processus. Pour cette raison, je considère ici les situations d’échecs et de sortie du jeu du marché. Il se peut tout à fait qu’il existe d’autres points saillants dont l’analyse pourrait être instructive, néanmoins mon attention se concentre ici sur ce point particulier. Autrement dit, il est utile de mieux comprendre l’évolution par laquelle l’échec a été rendu quantifiable et intelligible économiquement

Suggested Citation

  • Miller, Peter, 2014. "L’économisation de l’échec (Economizing Failure)," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 84310, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  • Handle: RePEc:ehl:lserod:84310
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    File URL: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/84310/
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liisa Kurunm�ki & Peter Miller, 2013. "Calculating failure: The making of a calculative infrastructure for forgiving and forecasting failure," Business History, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(7), pages 1100-1118, October.
    2. Kurunmaki, Liisa & Miller, Peter, 2013. "Calculating failure: the making of a calculative infrastructure for forgiving and forecasting failure," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 50673, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
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    JEL classification:

    • N0 - Economic History - - General

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