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Información para la gestión de riesgo de desastres: Estudio de caso de cinco países: México

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  • Zeballos Cabrera, Antonio

Abstract

México es un país grande en extensión, por lo que la mayor parte de eventos extremos ocurridos en el pasado han causado daños en zonas relativamente pequeñas, y su impacto en la economía nacional no ha sido muy importante. El temblor de 1985 ocasionó grandes daños en la Ciudad de México, pero su efecto sobre el Producto Bruto Interno del país no fue notable. Otros eventos sísmicos, como los temblores de Puebla y Oaxaca de 1999, si bien causaron estragos en la economía local, sus efectos no fueron percibidos en la producción nacional. En México la organización para el caso de emergencias es teóricamente consistente, aunque en la práctica se ha visto rebasada en ocasiones. Existe un enfoque distinto entre los niveles federales, claramente orientados a la prevención, y los municipales, eminentemente reactivos. Para este estudio se hizo un escenario extremo probable de desastre: un sismo de gran magnitud con epicentro frente a las costas de Guerrero. En esta zona no se han registrado temblores de gran magnitud en varias décadas, por lo que de acuerdo con la tectónica de placas, algunos autores sugieren que la energía acumulada es suficiente para generar un temblor de magnitud 8.1 o 8.2, que es un temblor mayor que el ocurrido en 1985, con el agravante de que se encuentra más cerca al Distrito Federal. Con estos antecedentes, se deduce que los daños estarían concentrados principalmente en la Ciudad de México y en el puerto de Acapulco, destino turístico del Estado de Guerrero. Abstract: Information on risk assessment of disasters. Case study of five countries: Mexico Mexico is a greatly extended country, due to which the majority of extreme events cause damages on relatively small areas, and its impact on the national economy has been rather unoticeable.The earthquake of 1985 caused great damages to Mexico City, but had substantial effect on the Gross Domestic Product. Other seismic events, such as the earthquakes of Puebla and Oaxaca of 1999, despite straining the local economies, had little effect on national production. In Mexico, the organization for emergency cases is theoretically consistent, but has in practice proven to be active on occasion. A different focus exists between the distinct governmental levels; at a federal level it is clearly oriented towards prevention, while municipalities' main focus is mainly on post disaster activities. A likely extreme scenario was drawn up for this study: an earthquake of great magnitude, with an epicentre facing the coast of Guerrero. Earthquakes of great magnitude have not been registered in this zone for various decades, due to which from some authors suggest that the accumulated energy, together with the alignment of tectonic plates in the area, is enough to generate an earth quake of an 8.1 or 8.2 magnitude. This is a greater earthquake than that which occurred in 1985, which caused its greatest damages close to the Federal District. With these background facts, the report concludes that the damages were mainly concentrated to the areas of Mexico City and the port of Acapulco, tourist destination in the state of Guerrero.

Suggested Citation

  • Zeballos Cabrera, Antonio, 2007. "Información para la gestión de riesgo de desastres: Estudio de caso de cinco países: México," Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México (Estudios e Investigaciones) 25933, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col094:25933
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