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Información para la gestión de riesgo de desastres: Estudio de caso de cinco países: Colombia

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  • Cardona, Omar Darío

Abstract

En Colombia existen pocos estudios de riesgo y los que existen son muy recientes. Colombia ha sido un país de desastres. Existen registros desde la colonia, sin embargo se puede afirmar que los desastres en el país comienzan a ser notables a partir del maremoto de Tumaco (1979) y del terremoto que en ese mismo año afectó a las ciudades de Manizales y Pereira. En Colombia, a partir de 1988, se cuenta con una organización formal para la gestión integral del riesgo, el "Sistema Nacional para la Prevención y Atención de Desastres". La estrategia financiera de la gestión de riesgos en Colombia actualmente se intenta promover de manera coherente y no dispersa, como se ha venido desarrollando, y partiendo del reconocimiento de la existencia de grandes diferencias en términos del desarrollo regional, riesgo de desastre y recursos de los municipios y los departamentos del país. El fenómeno que puede llegar a causar un impacto notable en Colombia y por lo tanto una grave crisis institucional y social, es un terremoto de gran magnitud cerca de cualquiera de las principales ciudades del país. Un desastre sísmico en la mayoría de los casos sería un desastre concentrado, ya que afectaría, en el caso de Colombia, áreas pequeñas en comparación con su territorio. Por otra parte, el evento más frecuente en Colombia es la inundación. Su análisis, tal como se señala en la sección de desastres menores no debe hacerse de la misma manera que para otros sucesos súbitos y no se cuenta con información apropiada que facilite su análisis. Abstract: Information on risk assessment of disasters. Case study of five countries: Colombia Few studies over risk assessment exist in Colombia, and those that do are not recent. Colombia has been a country of disasters, as implied by records registering events as early as colonial times. The tsunami of Tumaco (1979) marked the first substantial events shortly followed by the earthquake that affected the cities of Manizales and Pereira the same year. In Colombia, a formal organization for integral risk assessment exists since 1988, in the" National System for Prevention and Attention to Disasters". The current financial strategy for risk assessment in Colombia attempts to spread information in a coherent and dispersed manner, and has been elaborating and spreading information on development, while observing great differences in terms of regional development, disaster risk and resources of municipalities and departments of the country. The phenomenon that may cause a substantial institutional and social crisis for Colombia is a great earthquake close to the main cities of the country. In the majority of cases, a seismic disaster affects small concentrated areas in comparison to the whole territory, such as in the case of Colombia. On the other hand, the most frequently occurred event in Colombia is flooding. This analysis, as implied in the section detailing minor disasters, may not be applied in the same manner to other sudden events as it uses insufficient information for facilitating that type of analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Cardona, Omar Darío, 2007. "Información para la gestión de riesgo de desastres: Estudio de caso de cinco países: Colombia," Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México (Estudios e Investigaciones) 25930, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col094:25930
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
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