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México: capital humano e ingresos. Retornos a la educación, 1994-2005

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  • Ordaz, Juan Luis

Abstract

Existen muchas razones por las que los gobiernos y los economistas se interesan por medir el premio en ingreso asociado con la adquisición de mayor capital humano. Una herramienta útil para ello han sido los llamados "retornos a la educación",1 que en términos generales miden el aumento en los ingresos como consecuencia del incremento de un año de escolaridad o de la adquisición de un cierto nivel educativo. Desde el punto de vista privado, los retornos a la educación proporcionan una medida del retorno a invertir en escolaridad adicional. Desde el punto de vista social, pueden ser un indicador de la relativa escasez de personas con diferentes niveles educativos, y en consecuencia ser una guía de políticas educacionales. En este estudio se calculan las tasas de retornos a la educación en México en el período 1994-2005, con base en la ecuación de Mincer (1974), utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH). Los retornos se calculan para cada nivel educativo, tanto para el medio rural como para el medio urbano, y se diferencian por género. En las estimaciones se emplea el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) y el método de dos etapas de Heckman. Mexico: human capital and investments. Returns on education, 1994-2005 Abstract: There are many reasons to why governments and economists are interested in measuring revenues associated with acquiring a higher level of human capital. A useful tool for measuring these returns is the so called "returns of education", that in general terms measures the increased revenues as a consequence of an extra year of education, or acquisition of a certain level of education..From an individual level, the "returns of education" provides a tool for measuring the returns of investing in additional education. From a broader societal level, it may serve as an indicator for the relative scarcity of people with different educational levels, and as such be used as a guide to educational policies This study calculates the level of returns of education in Mexico for the period 1994-2005, based on the Mincer equation (1974), using the National Inquiry of Revenues and Expenses of Households (ENIGH). The returns are calculated by each educational level, and then divided into the categories rural environment and urban environment, which in turn are divided into gender. For the estimations, the study employed the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and the Heckman two-stage method.

Suggested Citation

  • Ordaz, Juan Luis, 2007. "México: capital humano e ingresos. Retornos a la educación, 1994-2005," Estudios y Perspectivas – Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México 5020, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col031:5020
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
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