IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ecb/ecbops/2023314.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

CCP initial margin models in Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Boudiaf, Ismael Alexander
  • Scheicher, Martin
  • Vacirca, Francesco

Abstract

In this paper we aim to provide a holistic understanding of the Initial Margin (IM) models used by Central Counterparties (CCPs) in Europe. In addition to discussing their relevance in terms of CCP risk management and their importance for the functioning of financial markets, we provide an overview of the main modelling frameworks used, including Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk (SPAN) and Value at Risk (VaR) models.By leveraging on publicly available data, we provide an up-to-date picture of current modelling practices for specific cleared product classes, as well as various trends in IM modelling practices in Europe. We show how IM model frameworks vary materially, depending on the CCP’s past choices and the products it clears. Despite a propensity to switch to VaR models, idiosyncrasies and differences across CCPs are likely to persist.We conclude by highlighting current and upcoming challenges and risks to CCP IM model frameworks and linking the current status quo with ongoing and upcoming regulatory work at European and international level. JEL Classification: G15, G18, G19, G23, G28, G32

Suggested Citation

  • Boudiaf, Ismael Alexander & Scheicher, Martin & Vacirca, Francesco, 2023. "CCP initial margin models in Europe," Occasional Paper Series 314, European Central Bank.
  • Handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2023314
    Note: 152802
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.ecb.europa.eu//pub/pdf/scpops/ecb.op314~afc6d2980c.en.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Duffie, Darrell & Scheicher, Martin & Vuillemey, Guillaume, 2015. "Central clearing and collateral demand," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(2), pages 237-256.
    2. Wenqian Huang & Elöd Takáts, 2024. "Model Risk at Central Counterparties: Is Skin in the Game a Game Changer?," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 20(3), pages 161-184, July.
    3. Rehlon, Amandeep & Nixon, Dan, 2013. "Central counterparties: what are they, why do they matter and how does the Bank supervise them?," Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, Bank of England, vol. 53(2), pages 147-156.
    4. Dietrich Domanski & Leonardo Gambacorta & Cristina Picillo, 2015. "Central clearing: trends and current issues," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    5. Louise Carter & Duke Cole, 2017. "Central Counterparty Margin Frameworks," RBA Bulletin (Print copy discontinued), Reserve Bank of Australia, pages 84-94, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Boudiaf, Ismael Alexander & Scheicher, Martin & Frieden, Immo, 2024. "The market liquidity of interest rate swaps," ESRB Working Paper Series 20240, European Systemic Risk Board.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jin-Wook Chang, 2019. "Collateralized Debt Networks with Lender Default," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2019-083, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    2. Melinda Friesz & Kira Muratov-Szabó & Andrea Prepuk & Kata Váradi, 2021. "Risk Mutualization in Central Clearing: An Answer to the Cross-Guarantee Phenomenon from the Financial Stability Viewpoint," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-19, August.
    3. Injun Hwang & Baeho Kim, 2020. "Heterogeneity and netting efficiency under central clearing: A stochastic network analysis," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(2), pages 192-208, February.
    4. Bellia, Mario & Girardi, Giulio & Panzica, Roberto & Pelizzon, Loriana & Peltonen, Tuomas, 2024. "The demand for central clearing: To clear or not to clear, that is the question!," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    5. Ranaldo, Angelo & Schaffner, Patrick & Vasios, Michalis, 2021. "Regulatory effects on short-term interest rates," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 750-770.
    6. Evangelos Benos & Gerardo Ferrara & Angelo Ranaldo, 2022. "Collateral Cycles," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 22-91, Swiss Finance Institute.
    7. H Peyton Young & Mark Paddrik, 2019. "How Safe are Central Counterparties in Credit Default Swap Markets?," Economics Series Working Papers 885, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    8. Paddrick, Mark & Young, H. Peyton, 2021. "How safe are central counterparties in credit default swap markets?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 101170, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    9. Maximilian Jager & Frederick Zadow, 2023. "Clear(ed) Decision: The Effect of Central Clearing on Firms Financing Decision," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2023_445, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    10. Grothe, Magdalena & Pancost, N. Aaron & Tompaidis, Stathis, 2023. "Collateral competition: Evidence from central counterparties," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(3), pages 536-556.
    11. Jaremski, Matthew, 2018. "The (dis)advantages of clearinghouses before the Fed," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(3), pages 435-458.
    12. Babus, Ana & Parlatore, Cecilia, 2022. "Strategic fragmented markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(3), pages 876-908.
    13. Ronald W.Anderson & Karin Jõeveer, 2014. "The Economics of Collateral," FMG Discussion Papers dp732, Financial Markets Group.
    14. Bruno Biais & Florian Heider & Marie Hoerova, 2021. "Variation Margins, Fire Sales, and Information-constrained Optimality [Leverage, Moral Hazard, and Liquidity]," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 88(6), pages 2654-2686.
    15. Ghamami, Samim & Glasserman, Paul & Young, Hobart, 2022. "Collateralized networks," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 107496, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    16. Vuillemey, G., 2015. "The opportunity cost of collateral pledged: derivatives market reform and bank lending," Financial Stability Review, Banque de France, issue 19, pages 119-125, April.
    17. Ashwin Clarke & Paul Ryan, 2014. "Non-dealer Clearing of Over-the-counter Derivatives," RBA Bulletin (Print copy discontinued), Reserve Bank of Australia, pages 77-88, March.
    18. Capponi, Agostino & Cheng, Wan-Schwin Allen & Giglio, Stefano & Haynes, Richard, 2022. "The collateral rule: Evidence from the credit default swap market," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 58-86.
    19. H Peyton Young & Mark Paddrik, 2017. "How Safe are Central Counterparties in Derivatives Markets?," Economics Series Working Papers 826, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    20. Fontana, Silvia Dalla & Holz auf der Heide, Marco & Pelizzon, Loriana & Scheicher, Martin, 2019. "The anatomy of the euro area interest rate swap market," SAFE Working Paper Series 255, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Central Counterparties; initial margin models; model governance and validation.; risk management;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G19 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Other
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2023314. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Official Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/emieude.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.