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Equivalence of the different discounted cash flow valuation methods. Different alternatives for determining the discounted value of tax shields and their implications for the valuation

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  • Fernández, Pablo

    (IESE Business School)

Abstract

This paper addresses the valuation of firms by cash flow discounting. The first part shows that the four most commonly used discounted cash flow valuation methods (free cash flow discounted at the WACC; cash flow available for equity holders discounted at the required return on the equity flows; capital cash flow discounted at the WACC before taxes; and Adjusted Present Value) always give the same value. This result is logical because all the methods analyse the same reality under the same hypotheses; they differ only in the flows used as the starting point for the valuation. The disagreements in the various theories on the valuation of the firm arise from the calculation of the discounted value of tax shields (DVTS). The paper shows and analyses 7 different theories on the calculation of the DVTS: Modigliani and Miller (1963), Myers (1974), Miller (1977), Miles and Ezzell (1980), Harris and Pringle (1985), Ruback (1995), Damodaran (1994), and Practitioners method. It is shown that Myers' method (1974) gives inconsistent results. When analysing the results given by the different theories, it should be remembered that the DVTS is not actually the present value of the tax saving due to the payment of interested discounted at a certain rate but the difference between two present values: the present value of the taxes paid by the firm with no debt minus the present value of the taxes paid by the company with debt. The risk of the taxes paid by the company with no debt is less than the risk of the taxes paid by the company with debt. The paper also shows the changes that take place in the valuation formulas when the debt's market value does not match its book value.

Suggested Citation

  • Fernández, Pablo, 1999. "Equivalence of the different discounted cash flow valuation methods. Different alternatives for determining the discounted value of tax shields and their implications for the valuation," IESE Research Papers D/400, IESE Business School.
    • Handle: RePEc:ebg:iesewp:d-0400
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    File URL: http://www.iese.edu/research/pdfs/DI-0400-E.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Myers, Stewart C, 1974. "Interactions of Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions-Implications for Capital Budgeting," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 29(1), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Miles, James A. & Ezzell, John R., 1980. "The Weighted Average Cost of Capital, Perfect Capital Markets, and Project Life: A Clarification," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(3), pages 719-730, September.
    3. Miles, James A & Ezzell, John R, 1985. "Reformulating Tax Shield Valuation: A Note," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 40(5), pages 1485-1492, December.
    4. Hamada, Robert S, 1972. "The Effect of the Firm's Capital Structure on the Systematic Risk of Common Stocks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 27(2), pages 435-452, May.
    5. Robert A. Taggart & Jr., 1991. "Consistent valuation and Cost of Capital Expressions With Corporate and Personal Taxes," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 20(3), Fall.
    6. Lewellen, Wilbur G. & Emery, Douglas R., 1986. "Corporate Debt Management and the Value of the Firm," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(4), pages 415-426, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marcelo Rabelo Henrique & Sandro Braz Silva & Ant?nio Saporito & S¨¦rgio Roberto da Silva, 2020. "Determinants of the Capital Structure of Companies Listed on the Stock Exchanges of Argentina, Brazil and Chile: An Empirical Analysis of the Period from 2007 to 2016," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(6), pages 1-18, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Valuation firms; cash flow valuation methods;

    JEL classification:

    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General

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