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Childlessness and the concentration of reproduction in Austria

Author

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  • Martin Spielauer

    (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany)

Abstract

In this paper we study the changes of reproduction concentration among women, the levels of childlessness, individual factors influencing childlessness, and the contribution of childlessness to the concentration of reproduction in Austria for the female age cohorts 1917-1961. International comparative studies find a decline in the concentration of reproduction in the last century for all western countries, a trend that was reversed for the most recent cohorts that have reached the end of their reproductive period. This reversal was mainly triggered by an increase of childlessness, a result that can be confirmed also for Austria. The country has one of the highest levels of childlessness, both currently and historically, and changes in the level of childlessness are very pronounced. Austria has very low fertility, too; between the world wars it even witnessed the lowest period fertility in the world. While cohort fertility rates peaked during the baby-boom with 2.5 children per women, fertility decreased considerably for more recent age cohorts. The recent changes in fertility can be attributed partly to composition effects resulting from the educational expansion of the last decades. As our analysis shows, even in the times of the baby boom, cohort fertility exceeded the reproductive level only for the lowest of eight different educational groups, and this group is rapidly decreasing in size. Besides the strong impact of educational on cohort fertility, childlessness and concentration measures of reproduction, a detailed study based on micro-census data reveals strong urban-rural differentials in the demographic changes of the last decades. We can conclude that the recent re-increase in reproduction concentration is an entirely urban phenomenon. Micro-census data also allow for the study of intergenerational dynamics. Comparing the educational level of women with their parents’ educational attainment, we found a strong positive effect on childlessness of downward mobility in the lower end of the educational spectrum. In the upper end of the educational spectrum we found a strong positive effect on childlessness of upward mobility.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Spielauer, 2004. "Childlessness and the concentration of reproduction in Austria," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2004-028, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2004-028
    DOI: 10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2004-028
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    Cited by:

    1. Martin Spielauer, 2005. "Concentration of reproduction in Austria: general trends and differentials by educational attainment and urban-rural setting," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2005-012, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    2. Martin Spielauer, 2005. "Concentration of Reproduction in Austria: General Trends and Differentials by Educational Attainment and Urban-Rural Setting," Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, vol. 3(1), pages 171-195.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Austria; childless couples; first birth;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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