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Sozialstruktur und Kinderbetreuung: Eine Analyse der sozialen und ökonomischen Determinanten der Nutzung von Kindertageseinrichtungen

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  • Michaela R. Kreyenfeld

    (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany)

Abstract

Das Kinderbetreuungssystem ist ein integraler Bestandteil der wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Institutionen, welche die Geschlechtergleichheit auf den Arbeitsmarkt, die Frauenerwerbstätigkeit und das Geburtenverhalten prägt. Während in markt-liberalen Wohlfahrtsstaaten Kinderbetreuung in erster Linie über den Markt, d.h. über die Kaufkraft der Nachfrager reguliert wird, wird in universalistischen Wohlfahrtsstaaten ein allgemein zugängiges öffentliches Betreuungssystem bereit gestellt, dessen Ziel es insbesondere ist, die Erwerbstätigkeit beider Elternteile zu fördern. In konservativ-korporatistischen Ländern, wie in Deutschland, kommt dem Kinderbetreuungssystem in erster Linie eine sozialisationsergänzende Funktion zu. Während seit 1996 ein Recht auf einen Halbtagsbetreuungsplatz im Kindergarten besteht, sind andere Betreuungsformen nur sehr eingeschränkt verfügbar. Trotz seiner universalen Ausrichtung zeigen die empirischen Analysen mit den Daten des Mikrozensus 1998 deutliche sozio-strukturelle Unterschiede in der Nutzung des Kindergartens. So besuchen ausländische Kinder seltener den Kindergarten als deutsche Kinder. Darüber hinaus gibt es einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen dem Bildungsstatus der Mutter und der Nutzung des Kindergartens. Im Krippen- und Hortbereich zeigt sich eine Konzentration von Kindern von unverheirateten und erwerbstätigen Eltern. In den neuen Bundesländern sind es insbesondere Kinder Vollzeit erwerbstätiger und damit eher gut ausgebildeter Frauen, die für ihre Kinder Tageseinrichtungen nutzen.

Suggested Citation

  • Michaela R. Kreyenfeld, 2004. "Sozialstruktur und Kinderbetreuung: Eine Analyse der sozialen und ökonomischen Determinanten der Nutzung von Kindertageseinrichtungen," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2004-009, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2004-009
    DOI: 10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2004-009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Blagica Petreski & Marjan Petreski, 2018. "Analysis of the public spending on education and on social protection of children in the country," Finance Think Policy Studies 2018-12/20, Finance Think - Economic Research and Policy Institute.
    2. Müller Christian, 2007. "Frühkindliche Bildung und Betreuung in Tageseinrichtungen als Staatsaufgabe / The Governmental Provision of Early Childhood Education and Care," ORDO. Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, De Gruyter, vol. 58(1), pages 131-148, January.

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    Keywords

    Germany; child care;

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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