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Does Market Liberalization Jeopardize Export Quality? Cameroonian Cocoa, 1995-2000

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  • Gilbert, Christopher L.
  • Tollens, Eric

Abstract

A frequently encountered argument against the liberalization of markets for tropical crop commodities is that this may jeopardize export quality. We look at this argument in the specific case of Cameroonian cocoa exports. The Cameroonian experience is important because an alleged decline in cocoa quality has often been cited as illustrating the dangers of market liberalization. That claim is not supported by examination of the unit value of cocoa imports into the European Union which demonstrates constant relativities over time in the unit value of cocoa imports from major west African producers. We argue that, in a liberalized environment, export quality is determined by the preferences of market participants and the technology of quality production. In Cameroon, changes in transport technology resulted in a diminished demand for premium grade cocoa while increased competition from cocoa buyers resulted in a transfer of some processing functions from farmers to intermediaries. There is no evidence of any significant quality problems arising from market liberalization. We conclude that government does not need to regulate in order to ensure a normal commercial outcome. Concerns about export quality should not be an issue in the continuing African market liberalization debate.

Suggested Citation

  • Gilbert, Christopher L. & Tollens, Eric, 2002. "Does Market Liberalization Jeopardize Export Quality? Cameroonian Cocoa, 1995-2000," CEPR Discussion Papers 3224, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:3224
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Liberalization; Quality; Cocoa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q17 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agriculture in International Trade

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