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This paper examines the theory of civil war and conflict resolution to answer the question, why peace processes fail or move forward? I will look at peace processes in Colombia in the last five years when negotiation started and then broke with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia –FARC- and began with the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia –AUC-. The theory revels the relevance of economic, political, external participation and military factor to explain why some peace processes fail while others succeed. For instance, the failure of the first peace dialogue with the left-wing guerrilla FARC can be explained by the military strategy, the role of violence during the talks and lack of international participation. By contrast, by avoiding all sensitive points of the first peace dialogue, AUC won a significant public support and the government confidence to begin talks. We have thus two recent peace processes in Colombia to analyse: one failed and one moving forward. Their analysis will help us to answer the opening question of this paper. ********************************************************************* Este trabajo examina la teoría sobre guerras civiles y resolución de conflictos con el fin de contestar la pregunta: ¿por qué fracasan o progresan los procesos de paz? Se miraron los procesos de paz en Colombia en los últimos cinco anos cuando comenzó y fracasó el proceso de paz con las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, FARC y comenzaron con las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, AUC. La teoría revela la relevancia de factores económicos, políticos, participación externa y militares para explicar por que fallan o prosperan los procesos de paz. Por su parte, el fracaso de las negociaciones con las FARC puede explicarse por razones de estrategia militar, el rol de la violencia durante la negociación y la falta de participación internacional. De otro lado, evitando todos los puntos sensibles de la negociación inicial, las AUC ganaron apoyo de la opinión publica y la confianza del gobierno para iniciar los diálogos. De esta forma, tenemos dos procesos recientes en Colombia para analizar: uno que fallo y el otro que esta progresando. El análisis de estos procesos puede ayudarnos a contestar la pregunta inicial de este trabajo.
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