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Coca, cocaína y narcotráfico

Author

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  • Hernando Zuleta González

Abstract

El aumento en el área cultivada con coca en Colombia ha generado dudas con respecto a la estrategia antinarcóticos del país, y ha estimulado el escepticismo con respecto a las posibilidades de lograr una paz completa y definitiva. Asimismo, la percepción de fracaso ha dado pie a propuestas de política basadas en la idea de que los cultivos ilícitos son un problema de criminalidad y no de desarrollo. En este documento, se hace una revisión completa de la evidencia disponible con el fin de ordenar la información asociada a este debate y arrojar luces acerca de la conveniencia o inconveniencia de algunas medidas de política. En particular, hay seis hechos de alta relevancia: (i) Para educir la oferta de cocaína son más eficientes los esfuerzos en incautaciones y destrucción de infraestructura que los esfuerzos en erradicación. (ii) Asimismo, las incautaciones y la destrucción de infraestructura también ayudan a reducir los cultivos de coca. (iii) No hay evidencia que apoye la hipótesis de que el consumo nacional de cocaína ha aumentado. (iv) En la mayoría de las regiones del país han caído los cultivos de coca. No obstante, las regiones donde ha aumentado el área cultivada tienen presencia de uno o más grupos armados. (v) Los municipios cocaleros son, en promedio, más pobres que el resto de municipios del país. Estos municipios tienen ingresos tributarios bajos, bajos niveles de conectividad y bajos niveles de desarrollo institucional. (vi) El aumento del consumo de cocaína en Estados Unidos está concentrado en un grupo etario y en algunos estados. Este hecho hace difícil relacionar el aumento en consumo con un aumento exógeno en la oferta.

Suggested Citation

  • Hernando Zuleta González, 2017. "Coca, cocaína y narcotráfico," Documentos CEDE 15634, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000089:015634
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    File URL: https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstream/handle/1992/8731/dcede2017-42.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Daniel Mejía & Pascual Restrepo & Sandra V. Rozo, 2017. "On the Effects of Enforcement on Illegal Markets: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment in Colombia," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 31(2), pages 570-594.
    2. Juan Pablo Cote, 2019. "The Effect of Interdiction on Coca Cultivation in Colombia," Documentos CEDE 17316, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cultivos ilícitos; narcotráfico; conflicto interno; desarrollo.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H56 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - National Security and War
    • H71 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • K14 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Criminal Law
    • N46 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products

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