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Growing Into Work

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  • David Blanchflower
  • Richard Freeman

Abstract

This paper examines youth labor markets in OECD countries in the 1980s and 1990s, when the youth share of the population fell rapidly in most of these countries. Despite the decline in the youth share of the population and increased enrollments in school, and shifts in industry mix toward youth-intensive sectors, the wages of youths relative to adults fell, and the employment rates of youths declined sharply, particularly among men. In many countries, youth suicides rose, crime (committed largely by the young) rose and marriage rates fell among young persons. The paper concludes that the most likely cause for the adverse labor market experiences of youths is the high overall rate of unemployment. Neither changes in demography nor expansion of low- wage industries nor reductions in the wages of youth were able to counteract the effects of the macro-economy on the prospects of young workers.

Suggested Citation

  • David Blanchflower & Richard Freeman, 1996. "Growing Into Work," CESifo Working Paper Series 108, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_108
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    File URL: https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/ces_wp108.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Ivan Turok & David Webster, 1998. "The New Deal," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 12(4), pages 309-328, February.
    2. Meleq Hoxhaj, 2017. "Youth Unemployment in Albania, Causes and Consequences," EuroEconomica, Danubius University of Galati, issue 2(36), pages 159-168, November.
    3. Jochem, Sven, 1998. "The social democratic full-employment model in transition: The Scandinavian experiences in the 1980s and 1990s," Working papers of the ZeS 02/1998, University of Bremen, Centre for Social Policy Research (ZeS).
    4. O'Higgins, Niall, 2001. "Youth unemployment and employment policy: a global perspective," MPRA Paper 23698, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. L.Guarcello & M. Manacorda & F. Rosati & J. Fares & S.Lyon & C. Valdivia, 2005. "School-to-Work Transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa: An overview," UCW Working Paper 15, Understanding Children's Work (UCW Programme).
    6. Paul Gregg & Stephen Machin, 2000. "Child Development and Success or Failure in the Youth Labor Market," NBER Chapters, in: Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries, pages 247-288, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Steven McIntosh, 2001. "The Demand for Post-Compulsory Education in Four European Countries," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 69-90.
    8. Hämäläinen, Kari, 2003. "Education and Unemployment: State Dependence in Unemployment Among Young People in the 1990s," Discussion Papers 312, VATT Institute for Economic Research.

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