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Inhalation intake of ambient air pollution in California's South Coast Air Basin

Author

Listed:
  • Marshall, Julian D.
  • Granvold, Patrick W.
  • Hoats, Abigail S.
  • McKone, Thomas E.
  • Deakin, Elizabeth
  • Nazaroff, William W.

Abstract

Reliable estimates of inhalation intake of air pollution and its distribution among a specified population are important for environmental epidemiology, health risk assessment, urban planning, and environmental policy. We computed distributional characteristics of the inhalation intake of five pollutants for a group of ~25,000 people (~29,000 person-days) living in California’s South Coast Air Basin. Our approach incorporates four main inputs: temporally resolved information about people’s location (latitude and longitude), microenvironment, and activity level; temporally and spatially explicit model determinations of ambient concentrations; stochastically determined microenvironmental adjustment factors relating the exposure concentration to the ambient concentration; and, age-, gender-, and activity-specific breathing rates. Our study is restricted to pollutants of outdoor origin, i.e. it does not incorporate intake in a microenvironment from direct emissions into that microenvironment. Median estimated inhalation intake rates (μgd-1) are 53 for benzene, 5.1 for 1,3-butadiene, 8.7x10-4 for hexavalent chromium in fine particulate matter (Cr-PM2.5), 30 for diesel fine particulate matter (DPM2.5), and 68 for ozone. For the four primary pollutants studied, estimated median intake rates are higher for non-whites and for individuals in low-income households than for the population as a whole. For ozone, a secondary pollutant, the reverse is true. Accounting for microenvironmental adjustment factors, population mobility and temporal correlations between pollutant concentrations and breathing rates affects the estimated inhalation intake by 40% on average. The approach presented here could be extended to quantify the impact on intakes and intake distributions of proposed changes in emissions, air quality, and urban infrastructure.

Suggested Citation

  • Marshall, Julian D. & Granvold, Patrick W. & Hoats, Abigail S. & McKone, Thomas E. & Deakin, Elizabeth & Nazaroff, William W., 2006. "Inhalation intake of ambient air pollution in California's South Coast Air Basin," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt92w972mb, University of California Transportation Center.
  • Handle: RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt92w972mb
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Manuel Pastor & James L. Sadd & Rachel Morello‐Frosch, 2004. "Waiting to Inhale: The Demographics of Toxic Air Release Facilities in 21st‐Century California," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 85(2), pages 420-440, June.
    2. Marshall, Julian David, 2005. "Inhalation of Vehicle Emissions in Urban Environments," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt97b7s3cs, University of California Transportation Center.
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    4. Raoul S. Liévanos, 2019. "Racialized Structural Vulnerability: Neighborhood Racial Composition, Concentrated Disadvantage, and Fine Particulate Matter in California," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-24, September.
    5. Houston, Douglas & Ong, Paul & Jaimes, Guillermo & Winer, Arthur, 2011. "Traffic exposure near the Los Angeles–Long Beach port complex: using GPS-enhanced tracking to assess the implications of unreported travel and locations," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(6), pages 1399-1409.
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    7. Houston, Douglas & Ong, Paul & Jaimes, Guillermo & Winer, Arthur, 2011. "Traffic exposure near the Los Angeles-Long Beach port complex: using GPS-enhanced tracking to assess the implications of unreported travel and locations," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt17w613sw, University of California Transportation Center.
    8. Zhaoping Hu & Le Huang & Xi Zhai & Tao Yang & Yaohui Jin & Yanyan Xu, 2023. "Quantifying Individual PM 2.5 Exposure with Human Mobility Inferred from Mobile Phone Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.
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