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Two Trees

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  • Cochrane, John. H.
  • Longstaff, Francis A.
  • Santa-Clara, Pedro

Abstract

We solve a model with two “Lucas trees.” Each tree has i.i.d. dividend growth. The investor has log utility and consumes the sum of the two trees’ dividends. This model produces interesting asset-pricing dynamics, despite its simple ingredients. Investors want to rebalance their portfolios after any change in value. Since the size of the trees is fixed, however, prices must adjust to offset this desire. As a result, expected returns, excess returns, and return volatility all vary through time. Returns display serial correlation, and are predictable from price-dividend ratios in the time series and in the cross section. Return volatility can be greater than the volatility of cash flows, giving the appearance of “excess volatility.” Returns can be cross-correlated even when the cash flows are independent, giving the appearance of “contagion” or “spurious comovement.”

Suggested Citation

  • Cochrane, John. H. & Longstaff, Francis A. & Santa-Clara, Pedro, 2004. "Two Trees," University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson Graduate School of Management qt6mt207w2, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:anderf:qt6mt207w2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Coeurdacier, Nicolas & Guibaud, Stéphane, 2011. "International portfolio diversification is better than you think," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 289-308, March.
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    3. Bhamra, Harjoat S. & Coeurdacier, Nicolas & Guibaud, Stéphane, 2014. "A dynamic equilibrium model of imperfectly integrated financial markets," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 490-542.
    4. Tarek A. Hassan, 2013. "Country Size, Currency Unions, and International Asset Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(6), pages 2269-2308, December.
    5. Nicolae Gârleanu & Stavros Panageas & Jianfeng Yu, 2015. "Financial Entanglement: A Theory of Incomplete Integration, Leverage, Crashes, and Contagion," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(7), pages 1979-2010, July.
    6. Roussanov, Nikolai, 2014. "Composition of wealth, conditioning information, and the cross-section of stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(2), pages 352-380.
    7. Dragana Draganac, 2017. "Do Dividend Shocks Affect Excess Returns: An Experimental Study," Economic Annals, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, vol. 62(214), pages 45-86, June - Se.
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    9. Jeong, Daehee & Kim, Hwagyun & Park, Joon Y., 2015. "Does ambiguity matter? Estimating asset pricing models with a multiple-priors recursive utility," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(2), pages 361-382.
    10. Curatola, Giuliano, 2017. "Portfolio choice and asset prices when preferences are interdependent," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 197-223.
    11. Sylvain, Serginio, 2014. "Does Human Capital Risk Explain The Value Premium Puzzle?," MPRA Paper 54551, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Hansen, Simon Lysbjerg, 2015. "Cross-sectional asset pricing with heterogeneous preferences and beliefs," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 125-151.
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    15. Tarek Alexander Hassan, 2010. "Country Size, Currency Areas, and International Asset Returns," 2010 Meeting Papers 365, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    16. Adams, Zeno & Glück, Thorsten, 2015. "Financialization in commodity markets: A passing trend or the new normal?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 93-111.
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    19. Ma, Chaoqun & Wang, Hailong & Cheng, Fengchao & Hu, Duni, 2017. "Asset pricing and institutional investors with disagreements," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 231-248.
    20. Santos, Tano & Veronesi, Pietro, 2010. "Habit formation, the cross section of stock returns and the cash-flow risk puzzle," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 385-413, November.

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