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The Risks of Climate Change to the United States in the 21st Century

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  • Congressional Budget Office

Abstract

The accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will affect temperatures, sea levels, and other aspects of the climate. For the United States, those physical changes will pose a wide range of risks to economic activity, real estate and financial markets, human health, biodiversity, immigration, and national security. Because both the physical effects of climate change and their economic consequences are highly uncertain, this report focuses, where possible, on the 5th and 95th percentiles of the distributions of potential outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Congressional Budget Office, 2024. "The Risks of Climate Change to the United States in the 21st Century," Reports 60845, Congressional Budget Office.
    • Handle: RePEc:cbo:report:60845
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    File URL: https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2024-12/60845-climate-risk.pdf
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • H81 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts
    • O44 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Environment and Growth
    • Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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