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The Foreign-Born Population and Its Effects on the U.S. Economy and the Federal Budget—An Overview

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  • Congressional Budget Office

Abstract

About 47 million people living in the United States in 2018 were born in other countries; roughly three-quarters of them were here legally. Immigration, whether legal or illegal, expands the labor force and changes its composition, leading to increases in total economic output—though not necessarily to increases in output per capita. Over the past two decades, foreign-born people accounted for about half of the growth of the U.S. labor force.

Suggested Citation

  • Congressional Budget Office, 2020. "The Foreign-Born Population and Its Effects on the U.S. Economy and the Federal Budget—An Overview," Reports 55967, Congressional Budget Office.
    • Handle: RePEc:cbo:report:55967
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    File URL: https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2020-01/55967-CBO-immigration.pdf
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • F66 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Labor
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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