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Price Setting in Japan: Evidence from CPI Micro Data

Author

Listed:
  • Masahiro Higo

    (Bank of Japan)

  • Yumi Saita

    (Bank of Japan)

Abstract

This paper investigates the price-setting behavior in Japan by using the CPI micro data in the Retail Price Survey from 1989 to 2003. We establish the four facts as follows. First, the frequency of price changes for goods is high while that for services is low. The frequency of price changes for goods has increased during the 1990s while that for services has greatly decreased. Second, many items have a downward sloping hazard function while some have the flexible-type or the Taylor-type hazard function. Third, in most of the categories in the CPI, a decline in the frequency of price changes has contributed to the drop in the CPI inflation rate since the 1990s while the size of price changes has remained roughly unchanged. Fourth, the heterogeneity in the frequency of price changes acrosscategories and its evolution are strongly influenced by the differences in the share of labor costs in the production costs and changes in the firm's price strategy regarding temporary sales.

Suggested Citation

  • Masahiro Higo & Yumi Saita, 2007. "Price Setting in Japan: Evidence from CPI Micro Data," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 07-E-20, Bank of Japan.
    • Handle: RePEc:boj:bojwps:07-e-20
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    File URL: http://www.boj.or.jp/en/research/wps_rev/wps_2007/data/wp07e20.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kozo Ueda & Kota Watanabe & Tsutomu Watanabe, 2016. "Product Turnover and Deflation: Evidence from Japan," CARF F-Series CARF-F-400, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    2. Nao Sudo, 2012. "Sectoral Comovement, Monetary Policy Shocks, and Input–Output Structure," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 44(6), pages 1225-1244, September.
    3. Sohei Kaihatsu & Mitsuru Katagiri & Noriyuki Shiraki, 2017. "Phillips Curve and Price-Change Distribution under Declining Trend Inflation," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 17-E-5, Bank of Japan.
    4. Kozo Ueda & Kota Watanabe & Tsutomu Watanabe, 2018. "Product Turnover and the Cost of Living Index: Quality vs. Fashion Effects," Globalization Institute Working Papers 337, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    5. Daisuke Ikeda & Shinichi Nishioka, 2007. "Price Setting Behavior and Hazard Functions: Evidence from Japanese CPI Micro Data," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 07-E-19, Bank of Japan.
    6. Bo E. Honoré & Daniel Kaufmann & Sarah Lein, 2012. "Asymmetries in Price‐Setting Behavior: New Microeconometric Evidence from Switzerland," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 44(s2), pages 211-236, December.
    7. Carlos Carvalho & Niels Arne Dam, 2009. "Estimating the cross-sectional distribution of price stickiness from aggregate data," Staff Reports 419, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    8. Daisuke Miyakawa & Koki Oikawa & Kozo Ueda, 2022. "Reallocation Effects Of Monetary Policy," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 63(2), pages 947-975, May.
    9. Solórzano Diego, 2023. "Stylized Facts From Prices at Multi-Channel Retailers in Mexico," Working Papers 2023-09, Banco de México.
    10. Emmanuel Dhyne & Jerzy Konieczny & Fabio Rumler & Patrick Sevestre, 2009. "Price rigidity in the euro area - An assessment," European Economy - Economic Papers 2008 - 2015 380, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission.
    11. Matsuoka, Takayasu, 2010. "Unobserved heterogeneity in price-setting behavior: A duration analysis approach," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 13-20, January.
    12. Shuichiro Ikeda & Haruhiko Inatsugu & Yui Kishaba & Takuji Kondo & Kenichi Sakura & Kosuke Takatomi & Takashi Nakazawa & Kotone Yamada, "undated". "Inflation in Japan: Changes during the Pandemic and Issues for the Future," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 22-E-18, Bank of Japan.
    13. MarioJ. Crucini & Mototsugu Shintani & Takayuki Tsuruga, 2010. "The Law of One Price without the Border: The Role of Distance versus Sticky Prices," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 120(544), pages 462-480, May.
    14. Nao Sudo & Kozo Ueda & Kota Watanabe, 2014. "Micro Price Dynamics during Japan's Lost Decades," Asian Economic Policy Review, Japan Center for Economic Research, vol. 9(1), pages 44-64, January.
    15. Shimizu, Chihiro & Nishimura, Kiyohiko G. & Watanabe, Tsutomu, 2010. "Residential rents and price rigidity: Micro structure and macro consequences," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 282-299, June.
    16. Prince, Diogo de, 2018. "Are price hazard functions really decreasing functions in Brazil?," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 266-276.
    17. Takayuki Mizuno & Makoto Nirei & Tsutomu Watanabe, 2010. "Closely Competing Firms and Price Adjustment: Some Findings from an Online Marketplace," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 112(4), pages 673-696, December.
    18. Kota Watanabe & Tsutomu Watanabe, 2017. "Price Rigidity at Near-Zero Inflation Rates: Evidence from Japan," UTokyo Price Project Working Paper Series 076, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Economics.
    19. Hemmaty , Maryam & Bayat , Saeed, 2013. "Price Setting in Iran: Some Stylized Facts from CPI Micro Data," Journal of Money and Economy, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, vol. 8(1), pages 75-108, January.
    20. Tack Yun, 2014. "Comment on “Micro Price Dynamics during Japan's Lost Decades”," Asian Economic Policy Review, Japan Center for Economic Research, vol. 9(1), pages 67-68, January.
    21. Ishise, Hirokazu, 2022. "Optimal long-run inflation rate in an open economy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    22. Abe, Naohito & Tonogi, Akiyuki, 2010. "Micro and macro price dynamics in daily data," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(6), pages 716-728, September.
    23. Latsos Sophia, 2018. "Real Wage Effects of Japan’s Monetary Policy," ORDO. Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, De Gruyter, vol. 69(1), pages 177-215, July.
    24. Andrea Ferrero & Carlos Carvalho, 2013. "What Explains Japan's Persistent Deflation?," 2013 Meeting Papers 1163, Society for Economic Dynamics.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Consumer Price Index; Price-setting; Price stickiness; Frequency of price changes; Hazard functions; Time-dependent pricing; State-dependent pricing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • D40 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - General
    • C41 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies

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