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Credit Risk Taking by Japanese Investors: Is Skewness Risk Priced in Japanese Corporate Bond Market?

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  • Shinichi Nishioka

    (Bank of Japan)

  • Naohiko Baba

    (Bank of Japan)

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze risk premium of corporate bonds considering skewness as an additional risk factor under a portfolio selection framework. With skewness, risk premium can be expressed as a weighted average of beta-risk under the orthodox beta-CAPM and gamma-risk arising from skewness. We call the pricing model with gamma-risk gamma-CAPM. The weight between beta-risk and gamma-risk is determined mainly by the degree of relative risk aversion. Empirical results using Japanese data show that (i) specification tests tend to accept gamma-CAPM, rejecting beta-CAPM, and (ii) the estimated values of the degree of relative risk aversion are significantly positive on the whole, but become negative when BBB-rated corporate bonds are included in the sub-sample estimation, which covers the period after the adoption of the zero interest rate policy by the Bank of Japan. Also, empirical results using U.S. data show that (iii) the estimated values of the degree of relative risk aversion are much higher than the values estimated by Japanese data, and (iv) the average weight of gamma-risk is 10.7 percent in the U.S., compared with 3.2 percent in Japan. This means that gamma-risk is priced in U.S. corporate bonds to a larger degree than in the Japanese corporate bonds. These findings imply that Japanese investors have taken excessive credit risk, particularly in BBB-rated corporate bonds under the low interest rate environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Shinichi Nishioka & Naohiko Baba, 2004. "Credit Risk Taking by Japanese Investors: Is Skewness Risk Priced in Japanese Corporate Bond Market?," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 04-E-7, Bank of Japan.
    • Handle: RePEc:boj:bojwps:04-e-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Naohiko Baba & Motoharu Nakashima & Yosuke Shigemi & Kazuo Ueda, 2006. "The Bank of Japan's Monetary Policy and Bank Risk Premiums in the Money Market," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 2(1), March.
    2. Naohiko Baba & Motoharu Nakashima & Yosuke Shigemi & Kazuo Ueda, 2005. "The Bank of Japan's Monetary Policy and Bank Risk Premiums in the Money Market (Subsequently published in "International Journal of Central Banking", March 2006, Vol.2, No. 1, 105-136. )," CARF F-Series CARF-F-034, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    3. Shinichi Nishioka & Naohiko Baba, 2004. "Negative Interest Rates under the Quantitative Monetary Easing Policy in Japan: The Mechanism of Negative Yen Funding Costs in the FX Swap Market," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 04-E-8, Bank of Japan.

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