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The Decentralization of Collective Bargaining and Changes in the Compensation Structure in Israel's Public Sector

Author

Listed:
  • Zvi Sussman

    (Tel­ Aviv University)

  • Dan Zakai

    (Bank of Israel)

Abstract

From the beginning of the 1970's until the recent round of negotiations in 1993, the process of wage determination in Israel's public sector underwent two major changes: (a) There was a gradual shift from centrally determined uniform wage increases in collective agreements with professional unions to independently negotiated increases in each agreement. (b) Policies involving strict wage restraint were introduced by the collective agreements. These changes in the process of wage determination affected the structure of wages in Israel's public sector in two distinct ways: First, there was greater differentiation between the basic wages of professional groups as determined by the collective agreements. Second, in response to small wage increases from collective agreements which would have led to a considerable erosion of real wages, the determination of wages at lower levels of negotiations increased in importance. At these levels, mechanisms meant to circumvent the restraint imposed by the collective agreements expanded rapidly. The main mechanisms were wage supplements paid to particular groups of employees or individuals, and accelerated promotion. These mechanisms soon became as important as the collective agreements in determining public sector wages. Low-­level and less formal negotiations increased wage dispersion among different professions, and between employees performing similar tasks within each profession. Initially, the increase in dispersion might have contributed to a more flexible wage structure, through greater responsiveness to market forces as well as to individual motivation and performance. These mechanisms gradually lost their advantage as an instrument for rewarding a few employees at a low cost, and spread indiscriminately among more employees with rising outlays. More important, wage differentials grew until they were no longer functional and even became detrimental to labor relations and output. The paper describes the growth of the mechanisms which partly replaced collective agreements in determining wages, quantifies their effect on the growth of total wages and wage dispersion, and attempts to assess the damage caused to the public sector by these mechanisms, and by excessive dispersion, in particular. Underlying the analysis of wage dispersion is an ad hoc model of wage determination in the public sector which focuses on the concept of an internal laobr market and the negative relation between centralized wage determination and dispersion.

Suggested Citation

  • Zvi Sussman & Dan Zakai, 1996. "The Decentralization of Collective Bargaining and Changes in the Compensation Structure in Israel's Public Sector," Bank of Israel Working Papers 1996.04, Bank of Israel.
  • Handle: RePEc:boi:wpaper:1996.04
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    File URL: https://boiwebrepec.azurefd.net/RePEc/boi/wpaper/WP_1996.04.pdf
    File Function: First version, 1996
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    Cited by:

    1. repec:ilo:ilowps:486459 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Neuman, Shoshana., 2014. "Job quality in segmented labour markets : the Israeli case: country case study on labour market segmentation," ILO Working Papers 994864593402676, International Labour Organization.
    3. Neuman, Shoshana, 2015. "Job Quality in Segmented Labor Markets: The Israeli Case," CEPR Discussion Papers 10734, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Zvi Sussman & Dan Zakai, 2000. "From Promoting the Worthy to Promoting All: The Public Sector in Israel 1975-1999," Bank of Israel Working Papers 2000.11, Bank of Israel.
    5. Shoshana Neuman, 2014. "Job Quality in Segmented Labor Markets: The Israeli Case," Working Papers 2014-12, Bar-Ilan University, Department of Economics.
    6. Neuman, Shoshana, 2014. "Job Quality in Segmented Labor Markets: The Israeli Case," IZA Discussion Papers 8750, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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