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How do banks’ funding costs affect interest margins?

Author

Listed:
  • Arvid Raknerud

    (Statistisk sentralbyrå (Statistics Norway))

  • Bjørn Helge Vatne

    (Norges Bank (Central Bank of Norway))

  • Ketil Rakkestad

    (Norges Bank (Central Bank of Norway))

Abstract

We use a dynamic factor model and a detailed panel data set with quarterly accounts data on all Norwegian banks to study the effects of banks’ funding costs on their retail rates. Banks’ funds are categorized into two groups: customer deposits and long-term wholesale funding (market funding from private and institutional investors including other banks). The cost of market funding is represented in the model by the three-month Norwegian Inter Bank Offered Rate (NIBOR) and the spread of unsecured senior bonds issued by Norwegian banks. Our estimates show clear evidence of incomplete pass-through: a unit increase in NIBOR leads to an approximately 0.8 increase in bank rates. On the other hand, the difference between banks’ loan and deposit rates is independent of NIBOR. Our findings are consistent with the view that banks face a downward-sloping demand curve for loans and an upward-sloping supply curve for customer deposits.

Suggested Citation

  • Arvid Raknerud & Bjørn Helge Vatne & Ketil Rakkestad, 2011. "How do banks’ funding costs affect interest margins?," Working Paper 2011/09, Norges Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:bno:worpap:2011_09
    Note: First version:
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    File URL: https://www.norges-bank.no/en/news-events/news-publications/Papers/working-papers/2011/WP-201109/
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Akram, Q. Farooq, 2014. "Macro effects of capital requirements and macroprudential policy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 77-93.
    2. Duffy, David & Morley, Ciara, 2015. "Standard Variable Rate (SVR) Pass-Through in the Irish Mortgage Market: An Updated Assessment," Research Notes RN2015/2/3, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    3. Arvid Raknerud & Bjørn Helge Vatne, 2012. "The relation between banks' funding costs, retail rates and loan volumes: An analysis of Norwegian bank micro data," Working Paper 2012/17, Norges Bank.
    4. Holton, Sarah & Rodriguez d’Acri, Costanza, 2018. "Interest rate pass-through since the euro area crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 277-291.
    5. Ismihan, Mustafa & Ozkan, F. Gulcin, 2012. "Public debt and financial development: A theoretical exploration," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 115(3), pages 348-351.
    6. Azasakhe Nkcubeko Nomsobo & Roscoe Bertrum van Wyk, 2018. "The Impact of Short- Term Interest Rates on Bank Funding Costs," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 10(3), pages 141-148.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Interest rates; NIBOR; Pass-through; Funding costs; Bank panel data; Dynamic factor model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E27 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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