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La estatura de la élite colombiana antes de la industrialización, 1870 - 1919

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  • Adolfo Meisel-Roca.
  • Margarita Vega A.

Abstract

La estatura promedio de los colombianos nacidos entre 1905 y 1985 se incrementó en 8,9 cms., lo cual refleja un resultado exitoso con relación a los estándares internacionales de calidad de vida. La información de estatura para este período proviene de la base de datos de la cédula de ciudadanía, con más de nueve millones de observaciones, lo que implica que estos resultados son representativos de lo que sucedió para toda la población en su conjunto. Para el período anterior a la industrialización en Colombia, solamente se encuentra información sobre estatura para los nacidos desde 1870. En este caso, la fuente de datos son los registros de pasaportes entregados a colombianos entre 1918 y 1940, para los cuales se obtuvieron más de 15.000 observaciones. La base de datos utilizada en el presente trabajo reúne observaciones de la estatura adulta de los colombianos nacidos entre 1870 y 1919, pertenecientes principalmente a la élite. Los resultados de este análisis son bastante sorprendentes. En primer lugar, la tendencia de largo plazo de la estatura fue estable, contrario a lo observado con los registros de la cédula, que inician en 1905 y donde la estatura se incrementó en forma sostenida. Un segundo punto a resaltar es que el grupo que incluyen los pasaportes es mucho más alto que el proveniente de la cédula. Para el período 1905-1909 la estatura promedio de los hombres de pasaportes fue 168,7 cms., comparado con el promedio nacional de 162 cms., obtenido de la base de datos de las cédulas. En el caso de las mujeres, las primeras alcanzaron una estatura promedio de 158 cms y las últimas 150 cms. Otra característica encontrada en la muestra de pasaportes es que no se presentaron diferencias regionales, como lo observado en el caso de la base de datos de la cédula. La razón del porqué difiere el comportamiento de la estatura de los colombianos obtenida de los pasaportes, de la registrada con la base de datos de la cédula, es que en el siglo XIX y comienzos del XX los colombianos que viajaban al exterior, principalmente a Europa y Estados Unidos, pertenecían a la élite. Por ello, tenían mejores niveles de nutrición y condiciones de vida, por lo cual eran relativamente altos, inclusive en relación a los estándares de los países europeos en ese momento. Sin embargo, la estatura de las personas nacidas entre 1870-1919 obtenida a través de la cedula, es inferior a la de los colombianos nacidos en 1985. Mientras que la estatura promedio de los hombres nacidos en 1900 obtenida de los pasaportes fue de 168,2 cms., los colombianos nacidos en 1985 crecieron hasta un promedio de 170,6 cms. La razón, para esto último, fue probablemente que las condiciones de salud bajo las cuales se encontraba la élite limitaban el crecimiento de su estatura. Sólo hasta finales de la década de 1920, cuando se dan los avances internacionales en medicina, podrían haber empezado a eliminarse las barreras para los avances en la estatura de la élite.

Suggested Citation

  • Adolfo Meisel-Roca. & Margarita Vega A., 2005. "La estatura de la élite colombiana antes de la industrialización, 1870 - 1919," Cuadernos de Historia Económica 15, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:cheedt:15
    DOI: 10.32468/chee.15
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert W. Fogel, 1986. "Nutrition and the Decline in Mortality since 1700: Some Preliminary Findings," NBER Chapters, in: Long-Term Factors in American Economic Growth, pages 439-556, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. John Komlos, 1995. "The Biological Standard of Living on Three Continents: Further Essays in Anthropometric History," Books by John Komlos, Department of Economics, University of Munich, number 10, June.
    3. Robert W. Fogel, 1986. "Nutrition and the Decline in Mortality Since 1700: Some Additional Preliminary Findings," NBER Working Papers 1802, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Richard H. Steckel, 1995. "Stature and the Standard of Living," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 33(4), pages 1903-1940, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Antropometría; calidad de vida; salud y bienestar; demografía; crecimiento económico; historia económica.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • N16 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • N36 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • N96 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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