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Pandemia del Covid-19 y salud mental en Colombia: un análisis de riesgos competitivos

Author

Listed:
  • Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez
  • María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo
  • Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra
  • Héctor M. Zárate-Solano

Abstract

Este estudio estima los riesgos de incidencia de trastornos de salud mental en supervivientes de la fase aguda de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Colombia. La pandemia provocó un deterioro significativo en la salud mental, con un aumento principalmente en trastornos relacionados con la ansiedad y la depresión. Factores como el confinamiento, el cierre de colegios, el estrés económico y la incertidumbre contribuyeron a este incremento, afectando especialmente a jóvenes y adultos mayores. Las mujeres también se vieron afectadas debido al aumento en la carga de trabajo no remunerado y de cuidado, que recae principalmente sobre ellas. Utilizando datos de los Registros Individuales de Prestación de Servicios (RIPS) del Ministerio de Salud para el periodo 2019-2022, se construyeron dos cohortes: la primera de tratamiento, conformada por pacientes que sobrevivieron los primeros 30 días tras la infección por COVID-19, y una cohorte de control con pacientes sin evidencia de infección por COVID-19 durante el 2020. Ambas cohortes fueron seguidas longitudinalmente para evaluar el riesgo de diagnóstico de trastornos de salud mental, considerando factores sociodemográficos como la edad y el sexo. El análisis revela que el riesgo de desarrollar estos trastornos —incluyendo ansiedad, depresión, estrés, trastornos por consumo de sustancias, deterioro cognitivo y trastornos del sueño— es significativamente mayor en personas con antecedentes de COVID-19. Además, se observaron diferencias importantes en la incidencia según los grupos de edad. **** ABSTRACT: This study estimates the incidence risks of mental health disorders among survivors of the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. The pandemic led to a significant deterioration in mental health, with a notable increase in anxiety and depression disorders. Factors such as confinement, school closures, economic stress, and uncertainty contributed to this increase, particularly affecting young people and older adults. Women were also particularly impacted due to the increased burden of unpaid work and caregiving, which primarily falls on them. Using data from the Individual Service Provision Records (RIPS) of the Ministry of Health for the period 2019–2022, two cohorts were constructed: the first, a treatment cohort consisting of patients who survived the first 30 days following COVID-19 infection, and a control cohort consisting of patients with no evidence of COVID-19 infection during 2020. Both cohorts were followed longitudinally to assess the risk of being diagnosed with mental health disorders, considering sociodemographic factors such as age and sex. The analysis reveals that the risk of developing these disorders—including anxiety, depression, stress, substance use disorders, cognitive decline, and sleep disorders—is significantly higher in individuals with a history of COVID-19. Additionally, important differences in incidence were observed across age groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez & María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo & Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Héctor M. Zárate-Solano, 2025. "Pandemia del Covid-19 y salud mental en Colombia: un análisis de riesgos competitivos," Borradores de Economia 1300, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1300
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1300
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Boaz Abramson & Job Boerma & Aleh Tsyvinski, 2024. "Macroeconomics of Mental Health," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 2387, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    2. Boaz Abramson & Job Boerma & Aleh Tsyvinski, 2024. "Macroeconomics of Mental Health," NBER Working Papers 32354, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez & Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Diana Estefanía Pinilla-Alarcón & María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo, 2023. "Evolución y carga financiera de las Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles en Colombia: 2010-2021," Borradores de Economia 1234, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; salud mental; análisis de riesgos competitivos; diseño observacional; Colombia; mental health; competing risks; observational design;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • C41 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies
    • C93 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Field Experiments

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