IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/bdr/borrec/1271.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

El sistema de pensiones en Colombia: perspectivas y riesgos fiscales con base en las normas vigentes

Author

Listed:
  • Ospina-Tejeiro Juan J
  • Ramos-Forero Jorge Enrique
  • López-Valenzuela David Camilo
  • Hernández-Turca Yurany
  • Herrera-Pinto Nicolle Valentina

Abstract

Este documento presenta proyecciones sobre el gasto fiscal asociado con Colpensiones y los regímenes especiales que conforman el sistema pensional de Colombia con las normas vigentes en 2024. Bajo supuestos convencionales sobre longevidad, formalidad y una tasa de crecimiento económico de largo plazo del 3,3%, el gasto público en pensiones se mantendría en niveles inferiores al 3,6% del PIB durante la mayor parte del siglo XXI, y luego caería al 2,8% del PIB hacia el año 2100. Sin embargo, las proyecciones cambian significativamente al considerar algunos riesgos en torno a estos supuestos clave. En primer lugar, al modificar el supuesto de crecimiento económico a la luz de las proyecciones demográficas y del crecimiento histórico de la productividad, el gasto público en pensiones como porcentaje del PIB podría aumentar al 8% hacia finales del siglo. En segundo lugar, el aumento en la longevidad de la población ejercería una presión fiscal adicional durante la segunda mitad del siglo, aumentando en aproximadamente un 0,3% del PIB anualmente, solamente por su impacto en Colpensiones. En tercer lugar, paradójicamente, un aumento en la formalidad laboral, también podría elevar el gasto en Colpensiones en aproximadamente un 0,3% del PIB anualmente debido a los subsidios implícitos en el sistema. Es importante tener en cuenta estos riesgos en cualquier reforma al sistema, toda vez que la transición demográfica es un fenómeno en curso cuyo impacto fiscal puede ser exacerbado o reducido dependiendo del monto y la cobertura de los subsidios implícitos en el sistema pensional. **** ABSTRACT: This document presents projections on the fiscal expenditure associated with Colpensiones and the special regimes that make up Colombia's pension system under the rules in force in 2024. Under conventional assumptions about longevity, formality, and a long-run economic growth rate of 3.3%, public spending on pensions would remain at levels below 3.6% of GDP for most of the 21st century, and then fall to 2.8% of GDP by 2100. However, the projections change significantly when considering some risks around these key assumptions. First, by modifying the assumption of economic growth in light of demographic projections and historical productivity growth, public spending on pensions as a percentage of GDP could increase to 8% by the end of the century. Second, an increase in the longevity of the population would exert additional fiscal pressure during the second half of the century, increasing by approximately 0.3% of GDP annually, solely due to its impact on Colpensiones. Third, paradoxically, an increase in labor formality could also raise spending on Colpensiones by approximately 0.3% of GDP annually due to the subsidies implicit in the system. It is important to consider theses risks in any system reform, since the demographic transition is an ongoing phenomenon whose fiscal impact can be exacerbated or reduced depending on the amount and coverage of the implicit subsidies in the pension system.

Suggested Citation

  • Ospina-Tejeiro Juan J & Ramos-Forero Jorge Enrique & López-Valenzuela David Camilo & Hernández-Turca Yurany & Herrera-Pinto Nicolle Valentina, 2024. "El sistema de pensiones en Colombia: perspectivas y riesgos fiscales con base en las normas vigentes," Borradores de Economia 1271, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1271
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1271
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1271
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.32468/be.1271?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Pensiones; regímenes de pensiones; finanzas públicas; tendencias demográficas; envejecimiento poblacional; Pensions; pension systems; public finances; demographic trends; public finances; population aging.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • E60 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - General

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1271. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Clorith Angélica Bahos Olivera (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/brcgvco.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.