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Economic fundamentals and stock market valuation: a CAPE-based approach

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Ludovica Drudi

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Federico Calogero Nucera

    (Bank of Italy)

Abstract

This paper estimates a fair-value model, based on macroeconomic fundamentals, of the Shiller Cyclically Adjusted Price-to-Earnings (CAPE) ratio. By performing a multi-country analysis, we find that CAPE – a widely used metric for stock market valuations – is, in general, positively related to economic growth and negatively related to the real long-term interest rate and to measures of economic volatility computed using industrial production and inflation data. Empirical evidence arising from predictive regressions of real stock market returns indicates that deviations of CAPE from its estimated fair value are negatively related to future stock returns. A prediction model based on these deviations outperforms, in many cases, a model based on the CAPE levels both in sample and out of sample.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Ludovica Drudi & Federico Calogero Nucera, 2022. "Economic fundamentals and stock market valuation: a CAPE-based approach," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1393, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdi:wptemi:td_1393_22
    as

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    File URL: https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/temi-discussione/2022/2022-1393/en_tema_1393.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert J. Shiller, 2015. "Irrational Exuberance," Economics Books, Princeton University Press, edition 3, number 10421.
    2. Ivo Welch & Amit Goyal, 2008. "A Comprehensive Look at The Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(4), pages 1455-1508, July.
    3. repec:bla:jfinan:v:43:y:1988:i:3:p:661-76 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Campbell, J.Y. & Shiller, R.J., 1988. "Stock Prices, Earnings And Expected Dividends," Papers 334, Princeton, Department of Economics - Econometric Research Program.
    5. Lansing, Kevin, 2005. "Inflation-Induced Valuation Errors in the Stock Market," Journal of Financial Transformation, Capco Institute, vol. 13, pages 124-126.
    6. Pindyck, Robert S, 1984. "Risk, Inflation, and the Stock Market," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(3), pages 335-351, June.
    7. Michael D. Bauer & James D. Hamilton, 2018. "Robust Bond Risk Premia," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 31(2), pages 399-448.
    8. Oliver D. Bunn & Robert J. Shiller, "undated". "Changing Times, Changing Values: A Historical Analysis of Sectors within the US Stock Market 1872-2013," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1950, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    stock market valuation; CAPE; macroeconomic fundamentals; macroeconomic volatility; return predictability;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

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