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Migration flows and policies in Italy and in other European countries

Author

Listed:
  • Gaetano Basso

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Elena Gentili

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Salvatore Lattanzio

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Giacomo Roma

    (Bank of Italy)

Abstract

Against a backdrop of ageing and declining domestic labour force, immigration to Italy has slowed down since the Great Recession, reducing its contribution to the country's demographic and economic dynamics compared to major euro area economies. This paper adopts a comparative perspective to analyse Italy's capacity to effectively attract and integrate immigrants. It examines the underlying factors driving these trends and explores how they relate to Italy's economic structure and regulatory framework. The analysis highlights the important role that migrants play in the labour market, where they are typically concentrated in low-paying jobs and sectors, and reviews the main features of Italy's migration policies, evaluating their key characteristics and effectiveness against international standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Gaetano Basso & Elena Gentili & Salvatore Lattanzio & Giacomo Roma, 2025. "Migration flows and policies in Italy and in other European countries," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 923, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_923_25
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    File URL: https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/qef/2025-0923/QEF_923_25.pdf
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    immigration; demography; earnings; citizenship; integration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • K37 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Immigration Law

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