Financial exclusion and sovereign default: the role of official lenders

Is financial exclusion after default a relevant driver of sovereign default incentives? I find new evidence that suggests that this is not the case, and that there are substantial differences in the behavior of different lenders after a sovereign default. Private lenders tend to decrease their funding to developing countries that have defaulted to banks or to the Paris Club. But the financing from official creditors, i.e. bilateral and multilateral, remains mainly unaffected by the different sovereign defaults, only with some exceptions mostly related to defaults to multilateral lenders. This different pattern for official financing is very relevant since official loans are the main source of funds for developing economies. Official creditors continue offering funding to countries even after default, casting doubt on the relevance of one of the main assumptions in sovereign default models, the so-called financial exclusion.