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Canadians’ Access to Cash Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Heng Chen
  • Marie-Hélène Felt

Abstract

This paper studies Canadians’ access to cash using the geographical distribution of automated banking machines (ABMs). We find that over 97% of urban Canadians have access to ABMs in their communities, while 92% of rural people have access to at least one ABM. During the pandemic, there have been no sustained adverse effects on cash accessibility through ABMs.

Suggested Citation

  • Heng Chen & Marie-Hélène Felt, 2022. "Canadians’ Access to Cash Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic," Discussion Papers 2022-15, Bank of Canada.
    • Handle: RePEc:bca:bocadp:22-15
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jocelyn Donze & Isabelle Dubec, 2009. "Paying For Atm Usage: Good For Consumers, Bad For Banks?," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(3), pages 583-612, September.
    2. Donze Jocelyn & Dubec Isabelle, 2011. "ATM Direct Charging Reform: the Effect of Independent Deployers on Welfare," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 10(2), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Morten Linnemann Bech & Umar Faruqui & Frederik Ougaard & Cristina Picillo, 2018. "Payments are a-changin' but cash still rules," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
    4. Heng Chen & Matthew Strathearn, 2020. "A Spatial Model of Bank Branches in Canada," Staff Working Papers 20-4, Bank of Canada.
    5. Tatjana Dahlhaus & Angelika Welte, 2024. "Payment habits during Covid-19: Evidence from high-frequency transaction data," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Granular data: new horizons and challenges, volume 61, Bank for International Settlements.
    6. Heng Chen & Matthew Strathearn & Marcel Voia, 2021. "Consumer Cash Withdrawal Behaviour: Branch Networks and Online Financial Innovation," Staff Working Papers 21-28, Bank of Canada.
    7. Walter Engert & Ben Fung, 2019. "Cashless Bank Branches in Canada," Staff Analytical Notes 2019-29, Bank of Canada.
    8. Gerrit Bilkes, 1997. "The new bank note distribution system," Bank of Canada Review, Bank of Canada, vol. 1997(Summer), pages 41-54.
    9. Heng Chen & Walter Engert & Kim Huynh & Daneal O’Habib, 2021. "An Exploration of First Nations Reserves and Access to Cash," Discussion Papers 2021-8, Bank of Canada.
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    Cited by:

    1. Santiago Carbo-Valverde & Héctor Pérez Saiz & Hongyu Xiao, 2023. "Geographical and Cultural Proximity in Retail Banking," Staff Working Papers 23-2, Bank of Canada.
    2. Christopher Henry & Matthew Shimoda & Julia Zhu, 2022. "2021 Methods-of-Payment Survey Report," Discussion Papers 2022-23, Bank of Canada.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial services; Regional economic developments;

    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • R51 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies

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