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Anatomie de la classe moyenne brésilienne : identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques

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Listed:
  • Matthieu Clément
  • Yves-André Fauré
  • Jean-Philippe Berrou
  • François Combarnous
  • Dominique Darbon
  • Éric Rougier

Abstract

Les évolutions qui ont caractérisé le Brésil durant les vingt dernières années ont provoqué des transformations socioéconomiques sensibles et généré des mouvements dans la structuration de la société brésilienne. Nous isolons la classe moyenne « monétaire » sur la base d’un intervalle mixte combinant une borne inférieure absolue, fixée à 10 dollars par jour et par tête (en PPA), et une borne supérieure relative fixée au 95ème percentile de la distribution. Il apparaît sur la base de cet intervalle que plus de 61 % des ménages brésiliens appartiennent à cette classe moyenne de revenu. En appliquant une classification multidimensionnelle, on observe que la classe moyenne des professions intermédiaires et celle des employeurs et cadres pourraient donc constituer la classe moyenne haute dont le poids serait limité au Brésil (17 % de l’ensemble de la classe moyenne). La classe moyenne des retraités et inactifs (32 % de la classe moyenne de revenu) représente la partie la plus importante de la classe moyenne au Brésil, suivie de la classe moyenne des travailleurs des secteurs primaire et secondaire (24 %). Au total, cette typologie met en évidence la forte hétérogénéité de la classe moyenne brésilienne et souligne une certaine forme de bipolarisation ou de dualité avec une classe moyenne plutôt aisée, occupant des emplois stables et hautement qualifiés, et une classe moyenne plus fragile car disposant de niveaux d’éducation et de revenu plus faibles et occupant des emplois plus instables et de moindre qualité.

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  • Matthieu Clément & Yves-André Fauré & Jean-Philippe Berrou & François Combarnous & Dominique Darbon & Éric Rougier, 2018. "Anatomie de la classe moyenne brésilienne : identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques," Working Paper 920063e0-0208-4403-b9e7-b, Agence française de développement.
    • Handle: RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr8575
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    Cited by:

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    Keywords

    Brésil;

    JEL classification:

    • Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

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