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Adoption of Non-negotiable Developer Obligations to Complement Negotiable Ones: Case Community Infrastructure Levy in England

Author

Listed:
  • Anupam Nanda
  • Sotirios Thanos
  • Eero Valtonen

Abstract

Over the years, various forms of developer obligations have been considered in English planning and development policies. The most recent major addition to the developer applications was the Community Infrastructure Levy, which has been available for local planning authorities since 2010. The levy is a non-negotiable developer obligation that a local planning authority can, but does not have to, adopt. The levy is used in combination with negotiable developer obligations, which have a scaled-back scope after the adoption of the levy. Although there is a vast amount of literature focusing on developer obligations, the introduction of new developer obligations within the existing set of obligations has been studied much less. Our paper aims to fill this gap by studying the factors affecting the adoption likelihood of the community infrastructure levy as well as its impact on the housing supply. Our study can guide decision-makers regarding the design of the developer obligations framework. They also offer valuable insight into how new instruments will work within the existing developer obligations framework.

Suggested Citation

  • Anupam Nanda & Sotirios Thanos & Eero Valtonen, 2023. "Adoption of Non-negotiable Developer Obligations to Complement Negotiable Ones: Case Community Infrastructure Levy in England," ERES eres2023_294, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    • Handle: RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_294
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Community Infrastructure Levy; Developer Obligations; Housing Supply;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R3 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location

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