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Graph Neural Networks for Financial Fraud Detection: A Review

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Listed:
  • Dawei Cheng
  • Yao Zou
  • Sheng Xiang
  • Changjun Jiang

Abstract

The landscape of financial transactions has grown increasingly complex due to the expansion of global economic integration and advancements in information technology. This complexity poses greater challenges in detecting and managing financial fraud. This review explores the role of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in addressing these challenges by proposing a unified framework that categorizes existing GNN methodologies applied to financial fraud detection. Specifically, by examining a series of detailed research questions, this review delves into the suitability of GNNs for financial fraud detection, their deployment in real-world scenarios, and the design considerations that enhance their effectiveness. This review reveals that GNNs are exceptionally adept at capturing complex relational patterns and dynamics within financial networks, significantly outperforming traditional fraud detection methods. Unlike previous surveys that often overlook the specific potentials of GNNs or address them only superficially, our review provides a comprehensive, structured analysis, distinctly focusing on the multifaceted applications and deployments of GNNs in financial fraud detection. This review not only highlights the potential of GNNs to improve fraud detection mechanisms but also identifies current gaps and outlines future research directions to enhance their deployment in financial systems. Through a structured review of over 100 studies, this review paper contributes to the understanding of GNN applications in financial fraud detection, offering insights into their adaptability and potential integration strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Dawei Cheng & Yao Zou & Sheng Xiang & Changjun Jiang, 2024. "Graph Neural Networks for Financial Fraud Detection: A Review," Papers 2411.05815, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2024.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2411.05815
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. P. Giudici & A. Spelta, 2016. "Graphical Network Models for International Financial Flows," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(1), pages 128-138, January.
    2. Singh, Kishore & Best, Peter, 2019. "Anti-Money Laundering: Using data visualization to identify suspicious activity," International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Shi, Feifen & Zhao, Chuanjun, 2023. "Enhancing financial fraud detection with hierarchical graph attention networks: A study on integrating local and extensive structural information," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PB).
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