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Complex Networks and Symmetry II: Reciprocity and Evolution of World Trade

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  • Franco Ruzzenenti
  • Diego Garlaschelli
  • Riccardo Basosi

Abstract

We exploit the symmetry concepts developed in the companion review of this article to introduce a stochastic version of link reversal symmetry, which leads to an improved understanding of the reciprocity of directed networks. We apply our formalism to the international trade network and show that a strong embedding in economic space determines particular symmetries of the network, while the observed evolution of reciprocity is consistent with a symmetry breaking taking place in production space. Our results show that networks can be strongly affected by symmetry-breaking phenomena occurring in embedding spaces, and that stochastic network symmetries can successfully suggest, or rule out, possible underlying mechanisms.

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  • Franco Ruzzenenti & Diego Garlaschelli & Riccardo Basosi, 2010. "Complex Networks and Symmetry II: Reciprocity and Evolution of World Trade," Papers 1009.4489, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1009.4489
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    Cited by:

    1. Franco Ruzzenenti & Andreas Joseph & Elisa Ticci & Pietro Vozzella & Giampaolo Gabbi, 2015. "Interactions between Financial and Environmental Networks in OECD Countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(9), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Franco Ruzzenenti, 2018. "The Prism of Elasticity in Rebound Effect Modelling: An Insight from the Freight Transport Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-13, August.
    3. Ruzzenenti, Franco & Basosi, Riccardo, 2017. "Modelling the rebound effect with network theory: An insight into the European freight transport sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 272-283.
    4. Yujing Wang & Fu Ren & Ruoxin Zhu & Qingyun Du, 2020. "An Exploratory Analysis of Networked and Spatial Characteristics of International Natural Resource Trades (2000–2016)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-34, September.
    5. Franco Ruzzenenti & Francesco Picciolo & Andreas Papandreou, 2015. "A network analysis of the global energy market: an insight on the entanglement between crude oil and the world economy," Papers 1509.05894, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2015.
    6. Sun, Qingru & Gao, Xiangyun & Zhong, Weiqiong & Liu, Nairong, 2017. "The stability of the international oil trade network from short-term and long-term perspectives," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 482(C), pages 345-356.
    7. Mateusz Iskrzyński & Freek Janssen & Francesco Picciolo & Brian Fath & Franco Ruzzenenti, 2022. "Cycling and reciprocity in weighted food webs and economic networks," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(3), pages 838-849, June.
    8. Picciolo, Francesco & Papandreou, Andreas & Hubacek, Klaus & Ruzzenenti, Franco, 2017. "How crude oil prices shape the global division of labor," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 753-761.
    9. Semanur Soyyiğit & Ercan Eren, 2022. "Global supply and demand of medical goods in the fight against Covid-19: a network analysis," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 6(3), pages 1221-1247, October.

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