Gendered Employment Data for Global CGE Modeling

The gender-differentiated impacts of trade reforms and other economic shocks have been assessed in several studies with the use of single-country CGE models. These studies have found that men and women may be affected by trade liberalization differently as the factors of production are reallocated among sectors that employ men and women in different intensities. However, a global approach which could allow for the comparison of gendered economic impacts across countries is hampered by the lack of a gendered employment dataset for global modeling. The paper builds on work done by Weingarden and Tsigas (2010) to generate employment shares across five occupational levels for 48 countries for use in updating the skilled and unskilled labor splits in the GTAP database. This study uses employment and wages data, differentiated by gender, from the International Labor Organization (ILO). Gendered employment data and industry average wages, across industry and occupations, for each country, is obtained from the Yearbook of Labor Statistics. Wages by job, by gender, are obtained from the ILO October Inquiry data. Following Weingarden and Tsigas (2010), for each country, missing data for wages by occupation and industry are imputed using a minimization of square errors approach. From the employment (quantity) and wages (prices) data, employment value shares for men and women for five occupational levels and 10-15 industries for several countries are used to econometrically estimate data across all sectors and countries in the GTAP database. Construction of the genderedd database is part of a larger effort to analyze the gendered impacts of trade reforms and other economic shocks across countries with the use of a global CGE database and model.