Analisis de fronteras estocasticas de produccion y eficiencia: tipologias agricolas para Mexico para priorizar inversiones aplicada a caña de azucar, maiz blanco, leche y bovinos

In the present study, an analysis was carried out to know which microregions have greater potential and productive efficiency, and high levels of poverty, with the aim of outlining impact investment plans. The FAO-IFPRI stochastic frontiers methodology was used (Maruyama, 2018) that estimates the productive frontier considering production inputs, as well as technological factors that mitigate climate risks, and others that may be out of the scope of the producer, which are understood as random. With this stochastic frontier, productive efficiency is predicted to determine if the region is priority (high potential and high poverty). This was done considering four agricultural investment products in Mexico: sugar cane, white corn, sale of cattle and milk. The results show that there are 5 federal entities that contain municipalities classified as priorities: Chiapas, Durango, Michoacán, San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. To validate this finding, interviews were conducted with expert actors. With their inside, types of investment were determined. Typology of areas of low potential but high poverty would require a source of long-term investment in infrastructure, training and social programs, to form a cluster that moves these areas forward. In contrast, there are other regions that are not an urgent priority but have a typology of high potential and medium poverty, which need to be exposed to international markets to increase their competitiveness, support them with financial investment and innovation in marketing their products. The areas with high priority typology (high potential and high poverty), require investments in the short, medium and long term that graduate producers with programs in different stages of need, they need investment in research, development and commercialization of technologies which help to improve irrigation, coupled with roads that communicate products directly from the producer to the market, so as not to be prey to intermediaries that limit their income. Additionally, they need a pricing system that communicates transparently and on time all market actors. An outstanding argument was the need of training required for the new generations not to leave the countryside; land tenure for women not only men, organization of farmers who are dispersed and have no bargaining power to ask for credit, loans or fair prices, as well as an investment that is of benefit to the producer, a competitive and innovative rural development bank is urgent.