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Landwirtschaft in der okologischen Marktwirtschaft: Sicherung der Welternahrung vs. Klimaschutz und Bioenergie

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  • von Witzke, Harald

Abstract

Ökologie und Klimaschutz sind in aller Munde. Die politischen Parteien in Deutschland und anderswo sind sich weitgehend einig. Die Marktwirtschaft soll "ökologisch" sein. Für Ökonomen ist dies Problem zumindest theoretisch ziemlich trivial. Die Emission von Klimagasen ist eine negative Externalität und Klimaschutz ein öffentliches Gut. Beides sind Formen von sog. Marktversagen. Staatliche Aktivität hat dann das Potential, das Marktergebnis aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht noch zu verbessern. In jeder Einführungsveranstaltung zu den Grundlagen der Wirtschaftswissenschaften werden den Studierenden die Charakteristika von Externalitäten und öffentlichen Gütern beigebracht und auch die gesamtwirtschaftlich effizienten staatlichen Aktionen bei Auftreten von Marktversagen analysiert. In anderen Worten: Eine Volkswirtschaft, in der Umwelt- und Klimaschutz nicht beachtet werden, ist keine funktionierende Marktwirtschaft. Eine Reihe von Veröffentlichungen in jüngster Zeit (z. B. Paustian et al., 2006; Richards et al., 2006; UNFCCC, 2006; Stern, 2007) zum Einfluss von anthropogenen Emissionen auf das globale Klima hat die öffentliche Diskussion um Alternativen zum Verbrauch fossiler Energieträger weiter angeheizt. Dabei ist auch Bioenergie als wichtige Komponente im Mix der Energiequellen immer wieder ins Gespräch gekommen. Die rasch wachsende Bedeutung von Bioenergie und die staatliche Förderung der Produktion von Bioenergie haben einen Konflikt deutlich werden lassen, dem in der Öffentlichkeit bisher wenig Beachtung geschenkt wurde, nämlich den Konflikt zwischen Sicherung der Welternährung einerseits und Klimaschutz sowie Sicherung der Energieversorgung durch Bioenergieproduktion andererseits. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, diesen Konflikt im Einzelnen zu charakterisieren und Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Auflösung dieses Konflikts zu analysieren. Zu diesem Zweck soll einer der Megatrends der Weltlandwirtschaft, den wir auch als "Landwirtschaftliche Tretmühle" bezeichnen, charakterisiert werden und analysiert werden, warum dieser langfristige Trend in der Weltlandwirtschaft sich zu ändern begonnen hat. Daraus werden sodann Implikationen für die Welternährungssituation abgeleitet. Anschließend sollen der Effekt der Steigerung der Bioenergieproduktion auf die Welternährung analysiert werden und mögliche Auswege aus dem Dilemma von Sicherung der Welternährung einerseits und Klimaschutz sowie Sicherung der Energieversorgung durch Bioenergie andererseits diskutiert werden.

Suggested Citation

  • von Witzke, Harald, 2007. "Landwirtschaft in der okologischen Marktwirtschaft: Sicherung der Welternahrung vs. Klimaschutz und Bioenergie," Working Paper Series 10290, Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Agricultural Economics.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:huiawp:10290
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.10290
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    References listed on IDEAS

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