Bio-fertilizers from food wastes for sustainable agriculture in Brunei Darussalam

This paper aims to review recent literature on bio-fertilizer production in Brunei and identifies different types of food wastes to be utilized for bio-fertilizer production and their benefits to Brunei Darussalam’s agricultural industry. The Systematic Literature Review was carried out through the use of electronic search engines, specifically the Scopus database and Google Scholar for non-Scopus databases. A combination of carefully chosen keywords was done in order to enhance the efficacy of the search. Initially, a total of 19 papers were retrieved on the subject of bio-fertilizer production in Brunei, and 2,647 papers on organic bio-fertilizer made from food waste. However, after a rigorous screening process, only 2 papers were found to be relevant to bio-fertilizer production in Brunei and 26 papers concerning organic bio-fertilizer made from food waste were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. Current research indicates that there is a dearth of information about Brunei Darussalam's use and production of biofertilizer, especially organic biofertilizer made from food waste. As a result, there is a need for extensive studies and field research in Brunei Darussalam. Hence, the presented review creates awareness on the need for adopting or introducing bio-fertilizers from food wastes for improving the soil and crop productivity without degrading the quality of the environment in Brunei Darussalam.