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Multinational Enterprises and Vietnam’s Exports: Comparing Economy-wide and Firm-level Evidence

Author

Listed:
  • Ramstetter, Eric D.
  • Trung Nguyen, Kien

Abstract

This paper examines the role of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) have played in Vietnam’s exports in 1995-2014. Economy-wide estimates suggest MNE share of Vietnam’s export grew from about one quarter to about two-thirds during this period. MNE shares of GDP were much smaller (6 to 18 percent); correspondingly export-production ratios were much (4.7 to 9.6 times) higher in MNEs than in the non-MNEs sector. If comparisons are limited to formal enterprises, wholly-foreign MNEs (WFs), which account for the vast majority of MNEs in Vietnam, tend to have relatively high export propensities and account for the vast majority of MNE exports. These data thus suggest that MNEs, and particularly WFs, make unusually large direct contributions to exports in Vietnam compared to other economic activities. On the other hand, these compilations cannot establish if export propensities differ significantly among ownership groups after accounting for other, related firm-level and industry-level characteristics. Most importantly, this paper highlights several substantial problems revealed by compilations of the firm-data which much be addressed before more reliable, rigorous analysis of the firm-level data will be possible.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramstetter, Eric D. & Trung Nguyen, Kien, 2016. "Multinational Enterprises and Vietnam’s Exports: Comparing Economy-wide and Firm-level Evidence," AGI Working Paper Series 2016-22, Asian Growth Research Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:agi:wpaper:00000119
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ramstetter, Eric D., 2018. "Foreign Ownership and Exports of Thai Manufacturing Plants by Industry in 1996," AGI Working Paper Series 2018-05, Asian Growth Research Institute.
    2. Trinh, Long Quang & Doan, Ha Thi Thanh, 2018. "Internationalization and the growth of Vietnamese micro, small, and medium sized enterprises: Evidence from panel quantile regressions," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 71-83.
    3. Ramstetter, Eric D., 2018. "Foreign Multinationals and Vietnamese Firm Exports, 2010-2013," AGI Working Paper Series 2018-04, Asian Growth Research Institute.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Multinational enterprises; state-owned enterprises; ownership; exports;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • L33 - Industrial Organization - - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - - - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprise and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out
    • L60 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - General
    • L81 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
    • O53 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Asia including Middle East

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